Haro Pérez Ana Mª, Benito López Vega E, Jiménez Rodríguez Mar, García Yu Irene Ai-Ling, Martín Monteagudo Saray
Servicio de Medicina Preventiva. Complejo Asistencial Universitario de Salamanca. Gerencia Regional de Salud de Castilla y León (SACYL). Salamanca. España.
Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas. Facultad de Medicina. Universidad de Salamanca. Salamanca. España.
Rev Esp Salud Publica. 2022 Feb 23;96:e202202022.
This study presents information on the evolution of severe cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection that required hospitalization since the beginning of vaccination in Spain. The objective was to know the impact of vaccination against COVID-19 on the hospitalization of patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection, hospital mortality and readmissions for this cause, and to describe the characteristics of vaccinated patients who required admission.
A retrospective, observational epidemiological study was conducted of all patients admitted with SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed by a diagnostic test for active infection (PDIA) in a tertiary hospital, from January 2021 to June 2021. The incidence of admissions was calculated based on the vaccination status of the patients and age groups at different times according to the progress of the strategy of vaccination COVID-19.
Between December 27, 2020 and June 30, 2021, 1,308 patients with positive PDIA were admitted to the University Hospital of Salamanca, of which 1,167 (89.2%) were not vaccinated, 129 (9.9%) had received one dose of vaccine and 12 (0.9%) were fully vaccinated. Of the latter, none were admitted to the ICU and 2 died.
Vaccination against COVID-19 has contributed to the decrease in hospitalizations, since February 2021, of older and institutionalized people. Fully vaccinated people have a lower risk of admission to the ICU and death. These data, together with the information available on recent cases of new SARS-CoV-2 infections in unvaccinated young people, are in favor of achieving high vaccination coverage of the entire population in the shortest possible time.
本研究提供了自西班牙开始接种疫苗以来，因感染严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）而需住院治疗病例的演变信息。目的是了解2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）疫苗接种对SARS-CoV-2感染患者住院情况、医院死亡率及因该病因再次入院情况的影响，并描述需住院治疗的接种疫苗患者的特征。
对2021年1月至2021年6月期间在一家三级医院因确诊感染SARS-CoV-2（通过活性感染诊断检测（PDIA）确诊）而入院的所有患者进行了一项回顾性观察性流行病学研究。根据COVID-19疫苗接种策略的进展情况，按患者的疫苗接种状态和不同时间的年龄组计算入院发病率。
2020年12月27日至2021年6月30日期间，1308例PDIA检测呈阳性的患者入住萨拉曼卡大学医院，其中1167例（89.2%）未接种疫苗，129例（9.9%）接种了一剂疫苗，12例（0.9%）已完全接种疫苗。在已完全接种疫苗的患者中，无人入住重症监护病房（ICU），2人死亡。
自2021年2月以来，COVID-19疫苗接种有助于降低老年人和机构化人群的住院率。已完全接种疫苗的人入住ICU和死亡的风险较低。这些数据，连同未接种疫苗的年轻人中近期新感染SARS-CoV-2病例的现有信息，都有利于在尽可能短的时间内实现全体人群的高疫苗接种覆盖率。
