Blumenberg Evelyn, Siddiq Fariba
Institute of Transportation Studies, UCLA Luskin School of Public Affairs, Los Angeles, USA.
Transportation (Amst). 2023;50(3):869-891. doi: 10.1007/s11116-022-10264-1. Epub 2022 Feb 18.
Anecdotal evidence suggests that the affordable housing crisis is forcing households to seek lower cost housing in the outer reaches of major metropolitan areas, helping to explain recent increases in commute distance. To test this relationship, we use spatial regression to examine the relationship between the availability of affordable housing in close proximity to jobs (jobs-housing fit) and commute distance in the Los Angeles metropolitan area. The analysis draws on 2015 Longitudinal Employer-Household Dynamics (LEHD) Origin-Destination Employment Statistics (LODES) by workplace supplemented with data from the 2013-2017 5-Year American Community Survey on affordable housing units. We find substantial variation in jobs-housing fit across Los Angeles neighborhoods. The imbalance is greatest in higher-income neighborhoods located along the coast and in Orange County, south of Los Angeles. Controlling for other determinants of commute distance, a higher ratio of jobs to affordable housing is associated with longer distance commutes. To address growing commute distances, policymakers must greatly expand and protect the supply of long-term rental housing particularly in job-rich neighborhoods.
轶事证据表明，经济适用房危机正迫使家庭在大城市的远郊寻找成本更低的住房，这有助于解释近期通勤距离的增加。为了检验这种关系，我们使用空间回归来研究洛杉矶大都市区靠近工作地点的经济适用房供应情况（职住匹配度）与通勤距离之间的关系。该分析利用了2015年纵向雇主-家庭动态（LEHD）工作场所来源-目的地就业统计（LODES），并辅以2013 - 2017年5年期美国社区调查中有关经济适用房单元的数据。我们发现洛杉矶各社区的职住匹配度存在很大差异。这种不平衡在沿海以及洛杉矶南部奥兰治县的高收入社区最为严重。在控制了通勤距离的其他决定因素后，工作岗位与经济适用房的比例越高，通勤距离就越长。为了解决通勤距离不断增加的问题，政策制定者必须大幅扩大并保护长期租赁住房的供应，尤其是在就业密集的社区。
