Mohammadi Seyed, Farzadfar Farshad, Pour Parinaz Mehdi, Ashrafi Elham, Lashay Alireza, Mohajer Bahram, Lari Mohsen Asadi
Translational Ophthalmology Research Center, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
J Ophthalmic Vis Res. 2022 Jan 21;17(1):78-88. doi: 10.18502/jovr.v17i1.10173. eCollection 2022 Jan-Mar.
To estimate the prevalence, burden of refractive errors and their associated trend from 1990 to 2018 and geographic inequalities in Iran.
Data regarding the epidemiology of refractive errors was extracted from three different sources: systematic review of published literature, data from visual school screening programs, and data from Iran's national health survey (NHS). The pool of all available data on refractive errors as well as demographic, location, and socioeconomic status covariates were fitted in spatio-temporal and Gaussian process regression models to predict the prevalence of refractive errors from the years 1990 to 2018 in 31 provinces grouped by age and sex in order to calculate years lived with disability (YLDs).
In 2018, the age-adjusted prevalence of refractive errors was 16.32% (95% uncertainty interval [UI]: 12.44-21.48%) in both sexes, 17.98% (95% UI: 13.74-23.61%) in women, and 14.66% (95% UI: 11.14-19.36%) in men. The prevalence of refractive errors reveals that it increases with age. Refractive errors contributed to 441.41 and 348.38 YLDs in men and women, respectively. The age-standardized prevalence growth was 31.30% in females and 24.32% in males from the years 1990 to 2018. Significant geographical heterogeneity was observed. The age-standardized YLDs rates of refractive errors represent an increasing trend of 28.9% increase from 1990 to 2018.
Over 28 years, the prevalence of refractive errors increased significantly. Women tend to have higher rates of prevalence. The prevalence increased in older ages. Border provinces had the lowest prevalence. Age-standardized YLDs rates of refractive errors increased by about 30%.
评估1990年至2018年伊朗屈光不正的患病率、负担及其相关趋势以及地理不平等情况。
关于屈光不正流行病学的数据来自三个不同来源：已发表文献的系统综述、学校视力筛查项目数据以及伊朗国家健康调查（NHS）数据。将所有可用的屈光不正数据以及人口统计学、地理位置和社会经济地位协变量纳入时空和高斯过程回归模型，以预测1990年至2018年按年龄和性别分组的31个省份的屈光不正患病率，从而计算残疾生存年数（YLDs）。
2018年，两性年龄调整后的屈光不正患病率为16.32%（95%不确定区间[UI]：12.44 - 21.48%），女性为17.98%（95% UI：13.74 - 23.61%），男性为14.66%（95% UI：11.14 - 19.36%）。屈光不正的患病率显示其随年龄增长而增加。屈光不正分别导致男性441.41个YLDs和女性348.38个YLDs。1990年至2018年，女性年龄标准化患病率增长31.30%，男性增长24.32%。观察到显著的地理异质性。1990年至2018年，屈光不正的年龄标准化YLDs率呈上升趋势，增长了28.9%。
在28年期间，屈光不正的患病率显著增加。女性患病率往往更高。患病率在老年人群中增加。边境省份患病率最低。屈光不正的年龄标准化YLDs率增加了约30%。
