Guo J X, Yin H P, Guo Z R, Chen J H, Liu P P, Wu J F, Bi H S
College of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250002, China.
Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Eye Hospital, Shandong Visual Intelligence Engineering Technology Research Center, Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Eye Disease Prevention and Treatment in Shandong Province, Jinan 250002, China.
Zhonghua Yan Ke Za Zhi. 2024 Oct 11;60(10):822-831. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112142-20231025-00186.
To comprehend the status and changing trend in the burden of refractive errors in China from 1990 to 2019, and to furnish data-driven support for the formulation of rational strategies in refractive error prevention and control. Using the Global Burden of Disease Database 2019, data on refractive error prevalence and years lived with disability (YLD) in China from 1990 to 2019 were extracted and their standardized rates were calculated. The trend of refractive error prevalence, age, period, and gender was analyzed using joinpoint regression models. From 1990 to 2019, the number of cases, prevalence rate, and YLD rate of refractive errors in China showed an upward trend, which was consistent with global trends. However, the magnitude of the increase in these parameters was higher than the global average. Conversely, the age-standardized prevalence rate and age-standardized YLD rate demonstrated a declining trend, which was also consistent with global trends, but the reduction rate was less pronounced compared to global levels. Notably, all indicators for females, including prevalence and YLD, exceeded those of males. The prevalence and YLD rates of refractive errors in China increased with age. The older individuals had higher rates compared to younger individuals. In 1990, the highest prevalence and YLD rates were found in the ≥70 years group, while the lowest rates were in the <5 years group. The age group with the most substantial increase in the burden of refractive errors was the 15 to 49 years population, which remained consistent during the three decades. The joinpoint regression analysis results revealed a stage-wise fluctuation in the age-standardized prevalence and YLD rates of refractive errors in China from 1990 to 2019. Specifically, the age-standardized prevalence rate increased by 0.765% from 1990 to 2001, decreased by 0.963% from 2001 to 2014, increased by 4.214% from 2014 to 2017, and decreased by 3.029% from 2017 to 2019. In contrast, the age-standardized YLD rate decreased by 0.113% from 1990 to 1995, increased by 2.252% from 1995 to 2000, decreased by 1.102% from 2000 to 2014, increased by 4.326% from 2014 to 2017, and decreased by 5.090% from 2017 to 2019. The standardized prevalence of refractive errors and the standardized YLD rate in China showed a downward trend, which was less than the global average level, but the disease burden was still heavy. Gender and age emerged as significant influencing factors for the prevalence of refractive errors and YLD. It is imperative to enhance efforts in the prevention and treatment of refractive errors among the middle-aged and elderly population. Attention should also be directed towards the increasing burden in the<50 years population.
为了解1990年至2019年中国屈光不正负担的现状和变化趋势，为制定合理的屈光不正防控策略提供数据支持。利用2019年全球疾病负担数据库，提取了1990年至2019年中国屈光不正患病率和伤残调整生命年（YLD）的数据，并计算了其标准化率。使用Joinpoint回归模型分析了屈光不正患病率、年龄、时期和性别的趋势。1990年至2019年，中国屈光不正的病例数、患病率和YLD率呈上升趋势，这与全球趋势一致。然而，这些参数的增长幅度高于全球平均水平。相反，年龄标准化患病率和年龄标准化YLD率呈下降趋势，这也与全球趋势一致，但下降速度比全球水平要小。值得注意的是，包括患病率和YLD在内的所有女性指标均超过男性。中国屈光不正的患病率和YLD率随年龄增长而增加。老年人的患病率高于年轻人。1990年，≥70岁年龄组的患病率和YLD率最高，而<5岁年龄组的患病率和YLD率最低。屈光不正负担增加最多的年龄组是15至49岁人群，在这三十年中保持一致。Joinpoint回归分析结果显示，1990年至2019年中国屈光不正的年龄标准化患病率和YLD率呈阶段性波动。具体而言，年龄标准化患病率从1990年到2001年上升了0.765%，从2001年到2014年下降了0.963%，从2014年到2017年上升了4.214%，从2017年到2019年下降了3.029%。相比之下，年龄标准化YLD率从1990年到1995年下降了0.113%，从1995年到2000年上升了2.252%，从2000年到2014年下降了1.102%从2014年到2017年上升了4.326%，从2017年到2019年下降了5.090%。中国屈光不正的标准化患病率和标准化YLD率呈下降趋势，低于全球平均水平，但疾病负担仍然很重。性别和年龄是屈光不正患病率和YLD的重要影响因素。必须加大对中老年人群屈光不正防治的力度。还应关注<50岁人群中不断增加的负担。
