Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center, US Geological Survey, La Crosse, Wisconsin, USA.
Department of Forestry & Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA.
Environ Toxicol Chem. 2022 Jun;41(6):1407-1415. doi: 10.1002/etc.5319. Epub 2022 Mar 31.
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are contaminants of concern due to their widespread occurrence in the environment, persistence, and potential to elicit a range of negative health effects. Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances are regularly detected in surface waters, but their effects on many aquatic organisms are still poorly understood. Species with thyroid-dependent development, like amphibians, can be especially susceptible to PFAS effects on thyroid hormone regulation. We examined sublethal effects of aquatic exposure to four commonly detected PFAS on larval northern leopard frogs (Rana [Lithobates] pipiens), American toads (Anaxyrus americanus), and eastern tiger salamanders (Ambystoma tigrinum). Animals were exposed for 30 days (frogs and salamanders) or until metamorphosis (toads) to 10, 100, or 1000 μg/L of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS), or 6:2 fluorotelomer sulfonate (6:2 FTS). We determined that chronic exposure to common PFAS can negatively affect amphibian body condition and development at concentrations as low as 10 µg/L. These effects were highly species dependent, with species having prolonged larval development (frogs and salamanders) being more sensitive to PFAS than more rapidly developing species (toads). Our results demonstrate that some species could experience sublethal effects at sites with surface waters highly affected by PFAS. Our results also indicate that evaluating PFAS toxicity using a single species may not be sufficient for accurate amphibian risk assessment. Future studies are needed to determine whether these differences in susceptibility can be predicted from species' life histories and whether more commonly occurring environmental levels of PFAS could affect amphibians. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:1407-1415. © 2022 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
全氟和多氟烷基物质（PFAS）是备受关注的污染物，因为它们广泛存在于环境中，具有持久性，并且可能引发一系列负面健康影响。全氟和多氟烷基物质经常在地表水中被检测到，但它们对许多水生生物的影响仍知之甚少。像两栖动物这样具有甲状腺依赖性发育的物种，可能特别容易受到 PFAS 对甲状腺激素调节的影响。我们研究了水生暴露于四种常见 PFAS 对幼体北方豹蛙（Rana [Lithobates] pipiens）、美洲蟾蜍（Anaxyrus americanus）和东部虎螈（Ambystoma tigrinum）的亚致死影响。动物在 10、100 或 1000μg/L 的全氟辛烷磺酸（PFOS）、全氟辛酸（PFOA）、全氟己烷磺酸（PFHxS）或 6:2 氟代叔碳酸酯磺酸盐（6:2 FTS）中暴露 30 天（青蛙和蝾螈）或直到变态（蟾蜍）。我们发现，即使在低至 10μg/L 的浓度下，慢性暴露于常见的 PFAS 也会对两栖动物的身体状况和发育产生负面影响。这些影响高度依赖于物种，具有延长幼体发育的物种（青蛙和蝾螈）比发育较快的物种（蟾蜍）对 PFAS 更敏感。我们的结果表明，在地表水受 PFAS 高度影响的地点，某些物种可能会经历亚致死影响。我们的结果还表明，使用单一物种评估 PFAS 毒性可能不足以准确评估两栖动物的风险。需要进一步的研究来确定这些易感性差异是否可以从物种的生活史中预测，以及更常见的环境水平的 PFAS 是否会影响两栖动物。环境毒理化学 2022；41：1407-1415。©2022 作者。环境毒理化学由 Wiley Periodicals LLC 代表 SETAC 出版。
