Sheet-Like Stacking SnS/rGO Heterostructures as Ultrastable Anodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries.

SnS-based materials have attracted considerable attention in energy storage and conversion owing to their high lithium activity and theoretical capacity. However, the practical application is severely limited by the low coulombic efficiency and short cycle life due to irreversible side reactions, low conductivity, and serious pulverization in the discharge/charge process. In this study, sheet-like stacking SnS/reduced graphene oxide (rGO) heterostructures were developed using a facile solvothermal method. It was found that the composites between SnS nanoplates and rGO nanosheets are closely coupled through van der Waals interactions, providing efficient electron/ion paths to ensure high electrical conductivity and sufficient buffer space to alleviate volume expansion. Therefore, the SnS/rGO heterostructure anode can obtain a high capacity of 840 mA h g after 120 cycles at a current density of 200 mA g and maintain a capacity of 450 mA h g after 1000 cycles at 1000 mA g. In situ X-ray diffraction tests showed that SnS/rGO undergoes typical initial intercalation, conversion, and subsequent alloying reactions during the first discharge, and most of the reactions are dealloying/alloying in the subsequent cycles. The galvanostatic intermittent titration technique showed that the diffusion of lithium ions in the SnS/rGO heterostructures is faster in the intercalation and conversion reactions than in the alloying reactions. These observations help to clarify the reaction mechanism and ion diffusion behavior in the SnS anode materials, thus providing valuable insights for improving the energy efficiency of lithium-ion batteries.