Kinematic analysis and visualization of Tetraselmis microalgae 3D motility by digital holography.

A study on locomotion in a 3D environment of Tetraselmis microalgae by digital holographic microscopy is reported. In particular, a fast and semiautomatic criterion is revealed for tracking and analyzing the swimming path of a microalga (i.e., Tetraselmis species) in a 3D volume. Digital holography (DH) in a microscope off-axis configuration is exploited as a useful method to enable fast autofocusing and recognition of objects in the field of view, thus coupling DH with appropriate numerical algorithms. Through the proposed method we measure, simultaneously, the tri-dimensional paths followed by the flagellate microorganism and the full set of the kinematic parameters that describe the swimming behavior of the analyzed microorganisms by means of a polynomial fitting and segmentation. Furthermore, the method is capable to furnish the accurate morphology of the microorganisms at any instant of time along its 3D trajectory. This work launches a promising trend having as the main objective the combined use of DH and motility microorganism analysis as a label-free and non-invasive environmental monitoring tool, employable also for in situ measurements. Finally, we show that the locomotion can be visualized intriguingly by different modalities to furnish marine biologists with a clear 3D representation of all the parameters of the kinematic set in order to better understand the behavior of the microorganism under investigation.