Grewe R
Klin Monbl Augenheilkd. 1986 Feb;188(2):167-9. doi: 10.1055/s-2008-1050606.
Glaucoma has been known in medicine since Antiquity. Hippokrates described "glaykoseis" as blindness which occurs in the elderly. The English ophthalmologist Banister was the first to establish the connection between increased tension of the eyeball and glaucoma. The important invention of the ophthalmoscope by von Helmholtz (1850) made it possible to diagnose glaucomatous changes in the fundus. In 1862, Donders discovered that high intraocular pressure caused blindness and called the disease "Glaukoma simplex." Further progress in the diagnosis of glaucoma was made by the invention of the tonometer and the perimeter, and the use of cocain. The first effective surgical treatment of glaucoma, an iridectomy, was carried out by von Graefe in 1856. Drug treatment started in 1875 with the discovery of pilocarpine.
青光眼在医学上自古便为人所知。希波克拉底将“glaykoseis”描述为发生在老年人身上的失明。英国眼科医生班尼斯特是第一个确立眼球张力增加与青光眼之间联系的人。冯·亥姆霍兹（1850年）发明的检眼镜使诊断眼底的青光眼性变化成为可能。1862年，唐德斯发现高眼压会导致失明，并将这种疾病称为“单纯性青光眼”。眼压计、视野计的发明以及可卡因的使用，使青光眼的诊断取得了进一步进展。1856年，冯·格拉费实施了首例有效的青光眼手术——虹膜切除术。1875年随着毛果芸香碱的发现开始了药物治疗。
