Sell Bartosz, Śniegocki Tomasz, Giergiel Marta, Posyniak Andrzej
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Veterinary Research Institute, Partyzantow 57, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland.
Toxics. 2022 Feb 1;10(2):63. doi: 10.3390/toxics10020063.
The white-tailed eagle () is strictly protected in Poland due to its threat of extinction. This study's main goal was to assess their exposure to indirect poisoning by anticoagulant rodenticides (AR). This study presents the investigation results of 40 white-tailed eagles' suspected poisoning cases in the years 2018-2020 in Poland. In all tested liver samples, using a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method, at least one of the AR (bromadiolone, brodifacoum, difenacoum, flocoumafen) was detected and confirmed. The other tested AR compounds (chlorophacinone, coumachlor, coumatetralyl, difethialone, diphacinone, warfarin) were not detected. The mean concentration of the sum of rodenticides was 174.4 µg/kg (from 2.5 to 1225.0 µg/kg). In 20 cases, the sum concentration was above 100 µg/kg and in 10 cases it was above 200 µg/kg. Interpretation of cases of AR poisonings should take into account their concentration in the liver, anatomopathological lesions, circumstances of death/finding of the animal, and elimination of other possible causes of poisoning. Based on this study, AR was the direct cause of death in 10% of incidents. Extensive use of rodenticides generates a high risk of poisonings of white-tailed eagles in Poland.
白尾海雕（）在波兰受到严格保护，因为它面临灭绝威胁。本研究的主要目标是评估它们接触抗凝血灭鼠剂（AR）间接中毒的情况。本研究展示了2018 - 2020年波兰40起白尾海雕疑似中毒案例的调查结果。在所有测试的肝脏样本中，使用液相色谱 - 质谱法，至少检测并确认了一种AR（溴敌隆、溴鼠灵、敌鼠、氟鼠灵）。未检测到其他测试的AR化合物（氯鼠酮、杀鼠灵、杀鼠迷、二氟噻隆、敌鼠钠盐、华法林）。灭鼠剂总和的平均浓度为174.4微克/千克（范围为2.5至1225.0微克/千克）。在20个案例中，总和浓度高于100微克/千克，10个案例中高于200微克/千克。对抗凝血灭鼠剂中毒案例的解读应考虑其在肝脏中的浓度、解剖病理学病变、动物死亡/被发现的情况以及排除其他可能的中毒原因。基于本研究，在10%的事件中，抗凝血灭鼠剂是直接死因。在波兰，广泛使用灭鼠剂对白尾海雕造成了很高的中毒风险。
