Toxic chemical disasters and the implications of Bhopal for technology transfer.

The dramatic disaster in 1984 at Bhopal, India, may be overshadowed in total impact by less immediate health effects characterized by long latency, cumulative damage, and subtle impairments. Transfer of chemical technology must be accompanied by transfer of the corresponding infratechnology, toxicology, only then can the process of technology transfer be managed with fewer risks, fewer costs, and fewer tragic surprises.