Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, University Hospital Centre Split, 21000 Split, Croatia.
School of Medicine, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Feb 17;19(4):2293. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19042293.
In recent years, the Mediterranean diet has emerged as one of the dietary patterns that could have positive effects on overall health as well in the treatment of non-communicable chronic diseases. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to determine differences in adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MeDi) and nutritional status in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and arterial hypertension (AH) regarding the presence of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Two hundred and forty-eight Dalmatian diabetic hypertensive patients (DDHP) were included, and 164 (66.1%) of them had CKD. Data about anthropometric parameters, clinical and laboratory parameters, as well as lifestyle questionnaire and Mediterranean Diet Serving Score (MDSS) were collected for each study participant. Furthermore, body composition was assessed using MC-780 Multi Frequency Segmental Body Mass Analyzer (Tanita). Body mass index (BMI) as well as waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) were calculated. Results showed that only 8.9% of DDHP were adherent to the MeDi without significant differences regarding the presence of CKD. Therefore, only 9.1% of participants with CKD were adherent to the MeDi. Dietary recommendations were received by 52.8% of DDHP and 49.4% with CKD, while only 12.8% of those with CKD were adherent to the given recommendations. The results showed that 88.3% of DDHP and 87.8% of the DDHP with CKD were overweight or obese. Statically significant lower frequency of nut intake suggested by the MeDi was found in those participants with CKD ( = 0.02). Therefore, the significant associations between adherence to each MeDi component as well as MDSS score with the development of CKD among all study subjects were not found. In conclusion, the results showed a low level of nutritional care in our region and low adherence to MeDi among DDHP. According to the results, there is an urgent need to improve nutritional care in our region, with a special focus on the MeDi for this especially vulnerable population of patients.
近年来，地中海饮食已成为对整体健康以及治疗非传染性慢性疾病可能产生积极影响的饮食模式之一。本横断面研究的目的是确定 2 型糖尿病（T2DM）和动脉高血压（AH）患者在存在慢性肾脏病（CKD）的情况下，地中海饮食（MeDi）的依从性和营养状况的差异。共纳入 248 名达尔马提亚糖尿病高血压患者（DDHP），其中 164 名（66.1%）患有 CKD。收集了每位研究参与者的人体测量参数、临床和实验室参数、生活方式问卷和地中海饮食服务评分（MDSS）的数据。此外，使用 MC-780 多频分段体质量分析仪（Tanita）评估身体成分。计算体重指数（BMI）以及腰臀比（WHR）和腰高比（WHtR）。结果表明，只有 8.9%的 DDHP 遵循 MeDi，而 CKD 的存在无显著差异。因此，只有 9.1%的 CKD 患者遵循 MeDi。52.8%的 DDHP 和 49.4%的 CKD 患者接受了饮食建议，而只有 12.8%的 CKD 患者遵循了这些建议。结果表明，88.3%的 DDHP 和 87.8%的 CKD-DDHP 超重或肥胖。在患有 CKD 的参与者中，MeDi 推荐的坚果摄入量明显较低（ = 0.02）。因此，在所有研究对象中，MeDi 各组成部分的依从性与 CKD 发展之间以及 MDSS 评分与 CKD 发展之间没有发现显著关联。总之，研究结果表明，我们地区的营养护理水平较低，DDHP 对 MeDi 的依从性较低。根据结果，我们迫切需要改善我们地区的营养护理，特别关注该地区特别脆弱的患者群体的 MeDi。
