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德国黄蜂(膜翅目:胡蜂科)中营养液体的过滤

Filtration of Nutritional Fluids in the German Wasp (Vespidae, Hymenoptera).

作者信息

Kuba Kenneth, Krenn Harald W

机构信息

Department of Evolutionary Biology, Integrative Zoology, University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria.

Plant-Insect-Interactions, Department of Life Science Systems, School of Life Sciences, Technical University Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany.

出版信息

Insects. 2022 Feb 10;13(2):185. doi: 10.3390/insects13020185.

Abstract

The mouthparts of Vespidae have evolved to forage various solid and liquid foods, such as animal prey, carbohydrate-rich fluids, as well as woody fibres for nest construction. Before nutritional fluids are ingested into the crop, bigger particles need to be filtered out. This study examined the functional morphology of the mouthparts, the preoral cavity, and the proximal alimentary tract inside the head focusing on this filtration process. The feeding organs and preoral cavity were studied using µCT and SEM that were complimented by feeding experiments with glass beads in workers of . To visualize fluid ingestion into the head and alimentary tract, barium sulfate solution was used as contrast agent; a method that is rarely applied in entomology. Experimental results indicate that large glass beads (>212 µm) were filtered by the mouthpart structures before entering the preoral cavity. Smaller glass beads (152-212 µm) were found inside the infrabuccal pocket in front of the mouth. Morphological evidence indicates that cuticle structures of the epipharynx, hypopharynx, and cibarium filter this particle size inside the preoral cavity while glass beads < 152 µm reach the crop. A double fluid filtration system is proposed that is formed by (1) bristles of the mouthparts and (2) microtrichia of the preoral cavity.

摘要

胡蜂科的口器已经进化到可以觅食各种固体和液体食物,如动物猎物、富含碳水化合物的液体以及用于筑巢的木质纤维。在营养液体被摄入嗉囊之前,较大的颗粒需要被过滤掉。本研究聚焦于这一过滤过程,对头内部的口器、口腔前部和近端消化道的功能形态进行了研究。使用µCT和SEM研究了工蜂的取食器官和口腔前部,并辅以玻璃珠取食实验。为了观察液体摄入头部和消化道的情况,使用硫酸钡溶液作为造影剂;这是一种在昆虫学中很少应用的方法。实验结果表明,大玻璃珠(>212 µm)在进入口腔前部之前就被口器结构过滤掉了。在口前方的口下袋内发现了较小的玻璃珠(152 - 212 µm)。形态学证据表明,口上咽、下咽和食窦的角质层结构在口腔前部过滤这种粒径的颗粒,而<152 µm的玻璃珠则到达嗉囊。提出了一种双重液体过滤系统,该系统由(1)口器的刚毛和(2)口腔前部的微毛组成。

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