Giraud, 1859 Junior Synonym of Hartig, 1843, as Experimentally Demonstrated (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini).

We demonstrated the life cycle closure of Hartig, 1843 (presently ), previously supposed on the basis of molecular data, and the identity of the sexual generation, through laboratory experiments. As a consequence, Giraud, 1859 became a junior synonym of (Hartig, 1843). We provide illustrations and a diagnosis for adults and galls, observations on biology, and information on distribution. Moreover, as sexual galls of cannot be distinguished from those of , a detailed comparison between sexual galls and adults of these two species is reported.