Chodkiewicz Jan, Wydrzyński Mateusz, Talarowska Monika
Institute of Psychology, University of Lodz, 91-433 Lodz, Poland.
Life (Basel). 2022 Jan 24;12(2):167. doi: 10.3390/life12020167.
There are more non-specific, hence harder to diagnose, symptoms in the picture of male depression. These symptoms are strongly linked to social norms and roles traditionally assigned to men. The aim of this study was to assess the interrelationship of early maladaptive schemas that affect the formation of self-image as a man with indicators of male depression. The Gender-Sensitive Depression Screening (GSDS-26) by A.M. Möller-Leimkühler and the Early Maladaptive Schema Questionnaire by J. Young (YSQ-S3-PL) were used. A group of 75 men (aged 18 to 50) were qualified to take part in the research. The total score of the GSDS-26 scale and individual indicators of male depression are strongly positively correlated with the severity of all five domains of the YSQ-S3-PL questionnaire. The highest correlation coefficient value was obtained in the following areas: "Disconnection and rejection" (0.741), "Other-directedness" (0.711), and "Overvigilance and inhibition" (0.711). In case of the GSDS-26 total score and the following indicators-Elevated stress, Aggressiveness, Emotional control, Risky behavior, and Classic symptoms of depression-positive statistically significant associations were confirmed with each of the 18 schemas from the YSQ-S3-PL questionnaire. Multiple regression results revealed that the following domains were significant for symptoms typical of male depression: "Disconnection and rejection" and "Impaired autonomy and performance". The "Impaired limits" area was found to be statistically significant only for symptoms of classic depression. (1) The GSDS-26 scale scores show positive associations with each domain of the YSQ-S3-PL questionnaire. (2) The following areas seem to be more important for atypical depressive symptoms in men: "Disconnection and rejection" and "Impaired autonomy and performance", while for classic depression: "Impaired limits" was more important. (3) In therapeutic work with male depressive symptoms, it is useful to focus on dominant maladaptive schemas alongside beliefs about stereotypical male roles.
男性抑郁症的症状更具非特异性，因此更难诊断。这些症状与传统上赋予男性的社会规范和角色密切相关。本研究的目的是评估影响男性自我形象形成的早期适应不良图式与男性抑郁症指标之间的相互关系。使用了A.M. Möller-Leimkühler编制的性别敏感抑郁症筛查量表（GSDS-26）和J. Young编制的早期适应不良图式问卷（YSQ-S3-PL）。一组75名男性（年龄在18至50岁之间）符合参与研究的条件。GSDS-26量表的总分及男性抑郁症的各项指标与YSQ-S3-PL问卷所有五个领域的严重程度均呈强正相关。在以下领域获得了最高的相关系数值：“分离与拒绝”（0.741）、“他人导向”（0.711）和“过度警惕与抑制”（0.711）。就GSDS-26总分以及以下指标——压力升高、攻击性、情绪控制、危险行为和抑郁症的典型症状而言，与YSQ-S3-PL问卷中的18种图式均确认存在统计学上的显著关联。多元回归结果显示，以下领域对男性抑郁症的典型症状具有显著意义：“分离与拒绝”和“自主性与表现受损”。仅发现“界限受损”领域对典型抑郁症症状具有统计学意义。（1）GSDS-26量表得分与YSQ-S3-PL问卷的每个领域均呈正相关。（2）以下领域对男性非典型抑郁症状似乎更为重要：“分离与拒绝”和“自主性与表现受损”，而对于典型抑郁症而言：“界限受损”更为重要。（3）在针对男性抑郁症状的治疗工作中，除了关注关于刻板男性角色的信念外，关注占主导地位的适应不良图式也很有用。
