Anielak Anna M, Kłeczek Aneta
Faculty of Environmental Engineering and Energy, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Krakow, Poland.
Materials (Basel). 2022 Feb 16;15(4):1475. doi: 10.3390/ma15041475.
Fulvic acids, alpha (α) humic acids and hymatomelanic acids were extracted digested sludge in two Cracow sewage treatment plants: Kujawy and Płaszów. Their elemental composition was examined and micropollution and ash content were determined. Based on the IR and UV-VIS spectrum, their similarities were determined with the occurring interactions with micropollution. Strong correlations between the acids coming from different sources depend on acid type and micropollution accompanying them, depending on concentration, influences to a specific extent their IR and UV-VIS spectra. Absorption analysis in infrared constitutes a simple method for characterizing fulvic and humic acids from wastewater treatment plants. The extracted fulvic acids were characterized by moderate maturity, while humus acids were well developed. In the fermentation process, the N bond increases together with the level of humification of the humus acid. The characteristics of the extracted humus acids comply with other humic substances presented in the literature. Quantitative analysis showed that digested sludge contains, on average: FA from 5.07 to 5.30 g/kg dry matter, αHA from 59.22 to 74.72 g/kg dry matter, HMA from 20.31 to 43.66 g/kg dry matter. It was thus demonstrated that wastewater treatment, in particular digested sludge, constitutes an attractive source of humus acids with a wide range of applications in numerous areas, such as agriculture, ecological rehabilitation, environmental protection, animal breeding, aquaculture, veterinary as well as medicine and is a precious source of soil fertilizers.
在克拉科夫的两座污水处理厂（库亚维污水处理厂和普拉绍夫污水处理厂）的消化污泥中提取了富里酸、α（α）腐殖酸和黑腐植酸。检测了它们的元素组成，并测定了微污染和灰分含量。基于红外光谱和紫外-可见光谱，确定了它们之间的相似性以及与微污染的相互作用。来自不同来源的酸之间的强相关性取决于酸的类型以及伴随它们的微污染，根据浓度，在一定程度上会影响它们的红外光谱和紫外-可见光谱。红外吸收分析是一种表征污水处理厂中富里酸和腐殖酸的简单方法。提取的富里酸具有中等成熟度，而腐殖酸发育良好。在发酵过程中，氮键随着腐殖酸腐殖化程度的提高而增加。提取的腐殖酸的特性与文献中报道的其他腐殖物质相符。定量分析表明，消化污泥平均含有：5.07至5.30克/千克干物质的富里酸、59.22至74.72克/千克干物质的α腐殖酸、20.31至43.66克/千克干物质 的黑腐植酸。由此证明，废水处理，特别是消化污泥，是腐殖酸的一个有吸引力的来源，在农业、生态修复、环境保护、动物养殖、水产养殖、兽医以及医学等众多领域有广泛应用，是土壤肥料的宝贵来源。
