Foster Rachel, Hartikainen Hanna, Hall Andie, Bass David
Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK.
School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.
Microorganisms. 2022 Jan 22;10(2):239. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms10020239.
Cord-forming (CF) fungi are found worldwide; however, tropical CF fungi are poorly documented. They play an essential role in forest ecosystems by interconnecting nutrient resources and aiding in the decomposition of plant matter and woody litter. CF fungi samples were collected from two forest conservation sites in the Sabah region of Malaysian Borneo. Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of the ribosomal rRNA gene array 18S to 28S region from cords collected placed all of the collected specimens in Agaricomycetes (Basidiomycetes), specifically within the orders Trechisporales, Phallales, Hymenochaetales, Polyporales, and Agaricales. Comparison of the cord-derived sequences against GenBank and UNITE sequence databases, as well as phylogenetic analyses, revealed they were all novel sequences types. Many of these novel lineages were found to be closely related to other basidiomycetes commonly found in tropical forests, suggesting a large undiscovered tropical fungal diversity in Borneo that has been detected independently of sampling fruiting bodies. We show how these sequence types relate to the morphologies of the cords from which they were sampled. We also highlight how rapid, small-scale sampling can be a useful tool as an easy and relatively unbiased way of collecting data on cord-forming fungi in difficult-to-access, complex forest environments, independently of locating and sampling sporophores.
形成菌索的（CF）真菌在全球范围内都有发现；然而，热带CF真菌的记录却很少。它们通过连接营养资源以及协助分解植物物质和木质凋落物，在森林生态系统中发挥着重要作用。CF真菌样本是从马来西亚婆罗洲沙巴地区的两个森林保护区采集的。对采集的菌索中核糖体rRNA基因阵列18S至28S区域进行测序和系统发育分析，结果表明所有采集的标本都属于伞菌纲（担子菌门），具体隶属于齿菌目、鬼笔目、层孔菌目、多孔菌目和伞菌目。将菌索衍生序列与GenBank和UNITE序列数据库进行比较以及系统发育分析，结果显示它们都是新的序列类型。发现许多这些新谱系与热带森林中常见的其他担子菌密切相关，这表明婆罗洲存在大量未被发现的热带真菌多样性，且这种多样性是在不依赖于采集子实体的情况下独立检测到的。我们展示了这些序列类型与采样菌索形态之间的关系。我们还强调了快速、小规模采样如何能够成为一种有用的工具，作为在难以进入的复杂森林环境中收集形成菌索真菌数据的一种简便且相对无偏差的方式，而无需定位和采样子实体。
