Rangel Brandão Gabriela, Iaroseski Júlia, Bueno Motter Sarah, Oliveira Trindade Bruna
Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre/Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Rua Sarmento Leite, 245 - Centro Histórico, Porto Alegre, 90050-170, Brazil.
World J Surg. 2022 Jun;46(6):1308-1313. doi: 10.1007/s00268-022-06488-y. Epub 2022 Feb 24.
In surgery, there is a gender worldwide gap. In Brazil, we still do not have studies that describe this scenario. Based on this lack of research, we aim to assess the prevalence of women in surgical specialties, how it has changed over the years and how long it will take to achieve an equal distribution of men and women surgeons in Brazil.
We conducted a retrospective review of the last five editions of the Brazilian Medical Demography (2011, 2013, 2015, 2018, and 2020). We analyzed the absolute and proportional (women/total) increase in women registered in 13 surgical specialties in Brazil. We performed a linear regression, and we estimated the expected year of equal distribution of women and men in each subspecialty, through the linear regression equation.
In absolute numbers of women, all surgical specialties presented a linear increase over the years (p <.05). In proportional numbers of women, however, 10 specialties showed a significant linear increase (p <.05) except cardiovascular surgery, hand surgery, and neurosurgery. According to the equation that predicts equal distribution, pediatric surgery will be the first one to achieve equal distribution, in 2026, and other specialties are far from achieving it. For example, Urology will not achieve equal distribution until 2433.
There are fewer women surgeons in Brazil than men. However, in general, there is an increase in women in the analyzed specialties over the years. With the proportional inclusion of women in the Brazilian surgical workforce, we hope that we can achieve sex equality in Brazil.
在外科领域，全球存在性别差距。在巴西，我们仍缺乏描述这种情况的研究。基于这种研究空白，我们旨在评估女性在外科专业中的比例，其多年来的变化情况以及巴西实现男女外科医生平等分布所需的时间。
我们对巴西医学人口统计学的最近五期（2011年、2013年、2015年、2018年和2020年）进行了回顾性分析。我们分析了巴西13个外科专业中注册女性的绝对数量和比例（女性/总数）的增长情况。我们进行了线性回归，并通过线性回归方程估计了每个亚专业中男女平等分布的预期年份。
从女性的绝对数量来看，多年来所有外科专业都呈现出线性增长（p<.05）。然而，从女性的比例来看，除心血管外科、手外科和神经外科外，有10个专业呈现出显著的线性增长（p<.05）。根据预测平等分布的方程，小儿外科将在2026年率先实现平等分布，而其他专业距离实现这一目标还很遥远。例如，泌尿外科直到2433年才会实现平等分布。
巴西的女外科医生比男外科医生少。然而，总体而言，多年来在所分析的专业中女性数量有所增加。随着女性按比例纳入巴西外科劳动力队伍，我们希望在巴西能够实现性别平等。
