Klco Natalie, Roggero Alessandro, Savage Martin J
Institute for Quantum Information and Matter and Walter Burke Institute for Theoretical Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena CA 91125, United States of America.
InQubator for Quantum Simulation (IQuS), Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, United States of America.
Rep Prog Phys. 2022 May 19;85(6). doi: 10.1088/1361-6633/ac58a4.
Advances in isolating, controlling and entangling quantum systems are transforming what was once a curious feature of quantum mechanics into a vehicle for disruptive scientific and technological progress. Pursuing the vision articulated by Feynman, a concerted effort across many areas of research and development is introducing prototypical digital quantum devices into the computing ecosystem available to domain scientists. Through interactions with these early quantum devices, the abstract vision of exploring classically-intractable quantum systems is evolving toward becoming a tangible reality. Beyond catalyzing these technological advances, entanglement is enabling parallel progress as a diagnostic for quantum correlations and as an organizational tool, both guiding improved understanding of quantum many-body systems and quantum field theories defining and emerging from the standard model. From the perspective of three domain science theorists, this article compileson entanglement, complexity, and quantum simulation in an effort to contextualize recent NISQ-era progress with the scientific objectives of nuclear and high-energy physics.
在隔离、控制和纠缠量子系统方面取得的进展，正在将曾经是量子力学一个奇特特征的东西，转变为推动颠覆性科技进步的工具。秉承费曼所阐述的愿景，许多研发领域的协同努力正在将原型数字量子设备引入领域科学家可用的计算生态系统。通过与这些早期量子设备的相互作用，探索经典上难以处理的量子系统这一抽象愿景正在朝着成为切实的现实发展。除了催化这些技术进步外，纠缠作为量子关联的诊断工具和组织工具正在实现并行进展，既有助于增进对量子多体系统的理解，也有助于推动对定义标准模型并从标准模型中涌现的量子场论的理解。从三位领域科学理论家的角度出发，本文汇编了关于纠缠、复杂性和量子模拟的内容，旨在将近期含噪声中等规模量子（NISQ）时代的进展与核物理和高能物理的科学目标联系起来。
