Nava Victor E, Perera Pin-Yu, Kumar Nirbhay, Jain Maneesh
Pathology Service, Veterans Affair Medical Center, Washington, DC 20422, USA.
Department of Pathology, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA.
Vaccines (Basel). 2022 Feb 11;10(2):276. doi: 10.3390/vaccines10020276.
Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) defy the central dogma by representing a family of RNA molecules that are not translated into protein but can convey information encoded in their DNA. Elucidating the exact function of ncRNA has been a focus of discovery in the last decade and remains challenging. Nevertheless, the importance of understanding ncRNA is apparent since these molecules regulate gene expression at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional level exerting pleiotropic effects critical in development, oncogenesis, and immunity. NcRNAs have been referred to as "the dark matter of the nucleus", and unraveling their role in physiologic and pathologic processes will provide vast opportunities for basic and translational research with the potential for significant therapeutic progress. Consequently, strong efforts are underway to exploit the therapeutic utility of ncRNA, some of which have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration and the European Medicines Agency. The use of ncRNA therapeutics (or "vaccines" if defined as anti-disease agents) may result in improved curative strategies when used alone or in combination with existing treatments. This review will focus on the role of ncRNA therapeutics in prostatic carcinoma while exploring basic biological aspects of these molecules that represent about 97% of the transcriptome in humans.
非编码RNA（ncRNAs）违背了中心法则，它们是一类RNA分子，不被翻译成蛋白质，但能传递DNA中编码的信息。在过去十年中，阐明ncRNA的确切功能一直是研究的重点，且仍然具有挑战性。然而，理解ncRNA的重要性是显而易见的，因为这些分子在转录和转录后水平调节基因表达，在发育、肿瘤发生和免疫中发挥着至关重要的多效性作用。ncRNAs被称为“细胞核的暗物质”，揭示它们在生理和病理过程中的作用将为基础研究和转化研究提供大量机会，有可能取得重大的治疗进展。因此，人们正在大力努力开发ncRNA的治疗用途，其中一些已获得美国食品药品监督管理局和欧洲药品管理局的批准。使用ncRNA疗法（如果定义为抗病药物则为“疫苗”）单独使用或与现有治疗方法联合使用时，可能会带来更好的治疗策略。本综述将重点关注ncRNA疗法在前列腺癌中的作用，同时探讨这些分子的基本生物学特性，它们约占人类转录组的97%。
