Keskin Nurhan, Kaya Ozkan, Ates Fadime, Turan Metin, Gutiérrez-Gamboa Gastón
Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, Van Yüzüncü Yıl University, Van 65090, Turkey.
Erzincan Horticultural Research Institute, Republic of Turkey Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Erzincan 24060, Turkey.
Plants (Basel). 2022 Feb 16;11(4):529. doi: 10.3390/plants11040529.
(1) Background: Raisins contain a wide range of hormones, minerals, vitamins, and antioxidant enzymes that may contribute to the health benefits of consumers. (2) Methods: The aim of this research was to compare the hormone, mineral, vitamin, and antioxidant capacities of Gök Üzüm ( L.) raisins immersed in oak ash (OA) and potassium carbonate (PC) dipping solutions before drying. (3) Results: Abscisic acid (ABA) (5751.18-11,868.40 ng g) and riboflavin (95.17-135.54 mg 100 g) were the most abundant hormone and vitamin quantified in Gök Üzüm raisins. Glutathione S-transferase (540.07-744.85 EU gr berry), 6-glucose phosphate dehydrogenase (214.50-317.43 EU gr berry), and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (208.25-241.86 EU gr berry) enzymes presented the highest antioxidant activity in the samples. Raisins obtained after drying by immersion in OA presented higher indol-3-acetic acid (IAA), ABA, salicylic acid (SA), cytokinins (CK), and zeatin contents; glutathione reductase (GR), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), glutathione S-transferase (GST), 6 glucose phosphate dehydrogenase (6GPD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzymatic activity; vitamin B1, B2, B6, C, and A contents; and nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), manganese (Mn), calcium (Ca), sulfur (S), potassium (K), iron (Fe), sodium (Na), and magnesium (Mg) levels compared to the grapes dried after PC applications. (4) Conclusions: Drying Gök Üzüm grapes after the application of OA dipping solution promotes a higher content of hormones, minerals, vitamins, and antioxidant enzymes compared to PC treatments. These results could help raisin producers to make decisions when using a dipping solution to dry grapes.
(1) 背景：葡萄干含有多种激素、矿物质、维生素和抗氧化酶，这些可能对消费者的健康有益。(2) 方法：本研究的目的是比较在干燥前浸泡于橡木灰（OA）和碳酸钾（PC）浸渍溶液中的Gök Üzüm（L.）葡萄干的激素、矿物质、维生素和抗氧化能力。(3) 结果：脱落酸（ABA）（5751.18 - 11,868.40 ng/g）和核黄素（95.17 - 135.54 mg/100 g）是Gök Üzüm葡萄干中含量最丰富的激素和维生素。谷胱甘肽S-转移酶（540.07 - 744.85 EU/g·浆果）、6-磷酸葡萄糖脱氢酶（214.50 - 317.43 EU/g·浆果）和葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶（208.25 - 241.86 EU/g·浆果）在样品中呈现出最高的抗氧化活性。浸泡于OA后干燥得到的葡萄干，其吲哚-3-乙酸（IAA）、ABA、水杨酸（SA）、细胞分裂素（CK）和玉米素含量；谷胱甘肽还原酶（GR）、葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶（G6PD）、谷胱甘肽S-转移酶（GST）、6-磷酸葡萄糖脱氢酶（6GPD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、过氧化物酶（POD）和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）的酶活性；维生素B1、B2、B6、C和A的含量；以及氮（N）、磷（P）、锰（Mn）、钙（Ca）、硫（S）、钾（K）、铁（Fe）、钠（Na）和镁（Mg）的水平，均高于PC处理后干燥的葡萄。(4) 结论：与PC处理相比，应用OA浸渍溶液后干燥Gök Üzüm葡萄可促进更高含量的激素、矿物质、维生素和抗氧化酶。这些结果有助于葡萄干生产商在使用浸渍溶液干燥葡萄时做出决策。
