Endodontic Section, Department of Stomatology, University of Sevilla, C/Avicena s/n, 41009 Sevilla, Spain.
Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, University of Sevilla, 41009 Sevilla, Spain.
Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Feb 11;23(4):1984. doi: 10.3390/ijms23041984.
Leptin is a non-glycosylated 16 kDa protein synthesized mainly in adipose cells. The main function of leptin is to regulate energy homeostasis and weight control in a central manner. There is increasing evidence that leptin also has systemic effects, acting as a link between innate and acquired immune responses. The expression of leptin and its receptor in human dental pulp and periradicular tissues have already been described, as well as several stimulatory effects of leptin protein expression in dental and periodontal tissues. The aim of this paper was to review and to compile the reported scientific literature on the role and effects of leptin in the dental pulp and periapical tissues. Twelve articles accomplished the inclusion criteria, and a comprehensive narrative review was carried out. Review of the available scientific literature concluded that leptin has the following effects on pulpal and periapical physiology: 1) Stimulates odontogenic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), 2) Increases the expression of dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) and dentin matrix protein-1 (DMP-1), odontoblastic proteins involved in odontoblastic differentiation and dentin mineralization, 3) Stimulates vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in human dental pulp tissue and primary cultured cells of human dental pulp (hDPCs), 4) Stimulates angiogenesis in rat dental pulp cells, and 5) Induces the expression of interleucinas 6 and 8 in human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs). There is evidence which suggests that leptin is implicated in the dentin mineralization process and in pulpal and periapical inflammatory and reparative responses.
瘦素是一种主要在脂肪细胞中合成的非糖基化 16kDa 蛋白。瘦素的主要功能是通过中枢方式调节能量稳态和体重控制。越来越多的证据表明，瘦素还具有全身作用，作为先天和获得性免疫反应之间的联系。瘦素及其受体在人牙髓和根尖周组织中的表达已经被描述，瘦素蛋白在牙和牙周组织中的表达也有几种刺激作用。本文旨在综述和编译有关瘦素在牙髓和根尖周组织中的作用和影响的已发表科学文献。有 12 篇文章符合纳入标准，并进行了全面的叙述性综述。对现有科学文献的回顾得出结论，瘦素对牙髓和根尖周生理学有以下影响：1）刺激牙髓干细胞（DPSCs）的牙源性分化，2）增加牙本质涎磷蛋白（DSPP）和牙本质基质蛋白-1（DMP-1）的表达，这两种蛋白参与成牙本质分化和牙本质矿化，3）刺激人牙髓组织和人牙髓原代培养细胞中血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）的表达，4）刺激大鼠牙髓细胞的血管生成，5）诱导人牙周膜细胞（hPDLCs）中白细胞介素 6 和 8 的表达。有证据表明，瘦素参与牙本质矿化过程以及牙髓和根尖周炎症和修复反应。
