Plant Physiology Laboratory, Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, 201 313, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, College of Natural and Health Sciences, Zayed University, Abu Dhabi, 144534, United Arab Emirates.
Environ Pollut. 2022 May 15;301:119044. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119044. Epub 2022 Feb 23.
The untreated effluents released from industrial operations have adverse impacts on human health, environment and socio-economic aspects. Environmental pollution due to chromium is adversely affecting our natural resources and ecosystem. Chromium is hazardous carcinogenic element released from spontaneous activities and industrial procedures. Chromium toxicity, mobility and bioavailability depend mainly on its speciation. Chromium mainly exists in two forms, first as an immobile, less soluble trivalent chromium [Cr(III)] species under reducing conditions whereas hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] as a mobile, toxic and bioavailable species under oxidizing conditions. Hexavalent chromium is more pernicious in comparison to trivalent form. Chromium negatively affects crop growth, total yield and grain quality. Exposure of chromium even at low concentration enhances its accretion in cells of human-beings and animals which may show detrimental health effects. Many techniques have been utilized for the elimination of chromium. The selection of the green and cost-efficient technology for treatment of industrial effluent is an arduous task. The present review highlights the problems associated with chromium pollution and need of its immediate elimination by suitable remediation strategies. Further, investigations are required to fill the gaps to overcome the problem of chromium contamination and implementation of sustainable remediation strategies with their real-time applicability on the contaminated sites.
未经处理的工业废水排放会对人类健康、环境和社会经济方面造成负面影响。由于铬造成的环境污染正在对我们的自然资源和生态系统产生不利影响。铬是一种自发活动和工业过程中释放的危险致癌元素。铬的毒性、迁移性和生物可利用性主要取决于其形态。铬主要以两种形式存在，第一种是还原条件下不易移动、可溶性较差的三价铬[Cr(III)]，而六价铬[Cr(VI)]则是在氧化条件下移动性强、毒性大、生物可利用的物种。与三价形式相比，六价铬更具危害性。铬会对作物生长、总产量和谷物质量产生负面影响。即使在低浓度下暴露于铬中，也会增强其在人类和动物细胞中的积累，从而可能对健康产生不利影响。已经有许多技术被用于去除铬。选择绿色且具有成本效益的工业废水处理技术是一项艰巨的任务。本综述强调了与铬污染相关的问题，并需要通过适当的修复策略立即消除铬。此外，还需要开展研究，以填补空白，克服铬污染问题，并在受污染地点实施具有实时适用性的可持续修复策略。
