Graduate Program (Post-Doctoral) in Neuro-Psychiatry, Federal University of Pernambuco - UFPE, Pernambuco, Brazil.
School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine of Juazeiro do Norte - FMJ/IDOMED, Juazeiro do Norte, Ceará, Brazil.
Child Abuse Negl. 2022 May;127:105571. doi: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2022.105571. Epub 2022 Feb 23.
Given the dramatic situation observed in Ethiopia, the biggest humanitarian crisis in decades, children and adolescents have been the most affected. The country experiences climate change and disarrays in the political structure of the state, which increases the risk of insecurity, displacement, and protection. The outlook tends to remain in 2022 due to the expansion of the conflict and the decrease in the access of partners' humanitarian aid groups to the affected regions. The country has high rates of malnutrition, low vaccination coverage, need for educational assistance, water, and sanitation emergency, lack of services to protect against violence, and high rates of children unaccompanied by their families. During the conflict, children, often to save their lives - because they have extended families or unhealthy inter-family relationships - end up looking for work on the streets and falling into a situation of vulnerability. In this context, they become constant victims of sexual abuse and physical violence, leaving deep marks. Still, the country's folk traditions fall back on the girls, significantly in a negative way, when genital mutilation and child marriage are in considerable proportion among girls in the country. However, the humanitarian actions did not concern themselves with referring to the particular needs of adolescent girls, including the involvement of caregivers to reduce the risk of violence. In this sense, it is important to point out that the increase in discrimination, stigmatization, and xenophobia contribute negatively to local tensions and to the improvement of vulnerability and social risk of children and adolescents. Therefore, there is a need for interventions to multisectoral nutrition, due to the prevalence of thinness and stunting that are above the threshold level of public health importance, and the need for urgent humanitarian assistance care to the more than 15 million children affected by this unprecedented crisis.
鉴于埃塞俄比亚局势严峻，这是几十年来最大的人道主义危机，儿童和青少年受到的影响最为严重。该国面临气候变化和国家政治结构混乱，这增加了不安全、流离失所和保护风险。由于冲突的扩大以及合作伙伴人道主义援助团体进入受影响地区的机会减少，2022 年的情况仍有可能继续。该国营养不良率高，疫苗接种率低，需要教育援助、水和卫生紧急情况、缺乏预防暴力的服务以及大量儿童与家人失散。在冲突期间，儿童为了生存——因为他们有大家庭或不健康的家庭关系——往往在街上寻找工作，陷入弱势境地。在这种情况下，他们成为性虐待和身体暴力的常客，留下深深的创伤。尽管如此，该国的民间传统仍然对女孩产生了重大负面影响，特别是在割礼和童婚在该国女孩中占相当比例的情况下。然而，人道主义行动并没有关注到青春期女孩的特殊需求，包括让照顾者参与以降低暴力风险。在这方面，必须指出，歧视、污名化和仇外心理的增加对当地紧张局势以及儿童和青少年的脆弱性和社会风险的增加产生了负面影响。因此，需要采取多部门营养干预措施，因为消瘦和发育迟缓的现象普遍存在，且超过了公共卫生重要性的阈值水平，并且需要紧急人道主义援助来照顾受这场史无前例的危机影响的 1500 多万儿童。
