Wisconsin Department of Health Services, Bureau of Environmental and Occupational Health, 1 West Wilson, Madison, WI 53703, United States of America.
University of Wisconsin Madison, School of Medicine and Public Health, 750 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53726, United States of America.
Sci Total Environ. 2022 Jun 25;827:153974. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153974. Epub 2022 Feb 23.
Fish is a dietary staple in the United States. Risk of exposure to persistent contaminants through fish consumption is a significant health concern. Great Lakes basin states, along with the US Environmental Protection Agency and the Great Lakes Consortium for Fish Consumption Advisories, have developed and continuously updated fish consumption advisories specifically for the Great Lakes basin residents.
To characterize Great Lakes basin residents' fish consumption and advisory awareness, we conducted a point-in-time survey to describe fish consumption habits and awareness of state and EPA/FDA fish advisories.
We used a randomized, address-based sampling approach to recruit respondents from the eight Great Lakes basin states. Weighted survey analysis procedures were used to estimate population prevalence of fish consumption habits, state and EPA/FDA advisory awareness, and demographic and background characteristics. Logistic regression models were used to assess the associations between demographic and background factors and fish consumption and awareness of advisories, respectively.
About 92% of respondents, representing an estimated 61 million adults, reported eating fish in the last 12 months. About 64% of respondents only consumed commercial fish, and an estimated 5 million fish consumers exceeded the EPA/FDA recommended limit for fish meals. Minorities were more likely to exceed the EPA/FDA recommended limit. About half of the respondents were aware of state or EPA/FDA advisories; however, minorities and women were less aware of the EPA/FDA advisory. After adjusting for demographic characteristics, sportfish consumption was significantly associated with state advisory awareness; commercial fish consumption was significantly associated with EPA/FDA awareness.
Most respondents only consumed commercial fish, but an estimated 18.6 million adults consumed sportfish. While half of the fish consumers were aware of state or EPA/FDA advisories, minorities and women continue to be less aware of fish advisories. Improved outreach strategies are needed to inform them about safe fish-consumption guidelines.
鱼类是美国的主要食物。通过食用鱼类而接触到持久性污染物的风险是一个重大的健康问题。大湖流域各州、美国环境保护署和大湖鱼类消费咨询联合组织专门为大湖流域居民制定并不断更新鱼类消费咨询。
为了描述大湖流域居民的鱼类消费和咨询意识，我们进行了一项即时调查，以描述鱼类消费习惯和对州和 EPA/FDA 鱼类咨询的认识。
我们使用随机、基于地址的抽样方法从八大湖流域州招募受访者。使用加权调查分析程序来估计鱼类消费习惯、州和 EPA/FDA 咨询意识以及人口统计学和背景特征的人口流行率。逻辑回归模型用于评估人口统计学和背景因素与鱼类消费和对咨询的认识之间的关联。
约 92%的受访者，代表估计的 6100 万成年人，报告在过去 12 个月内食用过鱼类。约 64%的受访者只食用商业鱼类，估计有 500 万鱼类消费者超过了 EPA/FDA 推荐的鱼类餐限量。少数族裔更有可能超过 EPA/FDA 的建议限量。约一半的受访者知道州或 EPA/FDA 的咨询意见；然而，少数族裔和女性对 EPA/FDA 咨询的了解较少。在调整人口统计学特征后，食用运动鱼类与州咨询意识显著相关；商业鱼类消费与 EPA/FDA 意识显著相关。
大多数受访者只食用商业鱼类，但估计有 1860 万成年人食用运动鱼类。尽管一半的鱼类消费者知道州或 EPA/FDA 的咨询意见，但少数族裔和女性对鱼类咨询的了解仍然较少。需要改进宣传策略，向他们通报安全的鱼类消费指南。
