Lu Runhao, Bao Naili, Zhang Xingli, Shi Jiannong
CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 7EF, UK.
CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
Neuropsychologia. 2022 May 3;169:108190. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2022.108190. Epub 2022 Feb 24.
To clarify the effects of individual differences in fluid intelligence (Gf) on attentional resource allocation, the present study proposes a new hypothesis (i.e., the integrated control hypothesis) based on previous studies and provides preliminary empirical evidence through a pupillometry study. The results showed that both task type and task difficulty play crucial roles in the relationship between Gf and attentional resource allocation when participants perform visuospatial-domain tasks. In particular, in the exploitation task, higher Gf individuals allocated fewer attentional resources than those with average Gf at all the difficulty levels. In contrast, in the exploration task, those with higher intelligence allocated equivalent resources in the low- and medium-difficulty trials and more resources in the high-difficulty trials; this phenomenon was more significant among the male subjects. In conclusion, this study suggests that high Gf individuals tend to control their attention state in tasks with diverse demands, allowing them to dynamically optimize the use of attentional resources and flexibly adapt to changing conditions.
为了阐明流体智力（Gf）的个体差异对注意力资源分配的影响，本研究在以往研究的基础上提出了一个新的假设（即综合控制假设），并通过一项瞳孔测量研究提供了初步的实证证据。结果表明，当参与者执行视觉空间领域任务时，任务类型和任务难度在Gf与注意力资源分配之间的关系中都起着关键作用。特别是，在开发任务中，在所有难度水平下，高Gf个体比平均Gf个体分配的注意力资源更少。相比之下，在探索任务中，高智力个体在低难度和中等难度试验中分配的资源相当，在高难度试验中分配的资源更多；这种现象在男性受试者中更为显著。总之，本研究表明，高Gf个体倾向于在需求多样的任务中控制自己的注意力状态，使他们能够动态优化注意力资源的使用，并灵活适应不断变化的条件。
