Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100089, China.
Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100089, China; College of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056000, China.
Poult Sci. 2022 Apr;101(4):101744. doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.101744. Epub 2022 Jan 21.
The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary P levels on the performance of rearing pigeons, and bone characteristics of squabs from 7 to 21 d of age. A total of 192 pairs of adult Silver King pigeons (40 wk of age) were used. The pigeons were randomly allocated to one of 4 treatment groups, each consisting of eight replicates of 6 pigeon pairs per replicate. Dietary treatments included the basal diet (containing 0.3% of P), the basal diet supplemented with 0.2, 0.4, or 0.8% inorganic P. And the dietary Ca content was kept at 1.40% across all treatments. The experimental diets were fed to parent pigeons as corn-soybean complete pellet feed, and squabs fed with crop milk secreted by parent pigeons. Pigeons in the group of 0.4% supplemental non-phytate phosphorus (NPP) had shorter (P = 0.045) oviposition interval than those in the control group and group of 0.8% NPP. When the diet was supplemented with 0.8% of NPP, the least average egg weight was observed (P = 0.006). Female breeding birds had much higher (P < 0.01) Ca, P, and ALP in serum than male ones. At 7-d of age, dietary P supplementation influenced P and Ca content in tibia ash of squabs (P < 0.05). The tibia ash Ca content in the group of 0.2% NPP was the highest among the treatments (P = 0.007). At d 21 of age, both the birds in the group of 0.4 and 0.8% NPP had higher tibia breaking strength (P < 0.01) and tibia ash contents (P < 0.001) compared to the ones in the control group. In conclusion, the P deficiency in the diet of parent pigeons could cause poor bone mineralization of squabs, especially impaired the bone-breaking strength and bone ash content. The 0.8% of NPP supplementation in the diet has a positive influence on mineralization of squabs although production depression was observed. Both P and Ca metabolism of female breeding birds were more active than male ones at earlier time points of rearing period. The desirable supplemental NPP level in diet for breeding pigeon was 0.4% according to the performance data in the present trial. The recommended Ca: P ratio for pigeons, which was different from the optimum value for broilers, needs to be studied in the future.
本研究旨在探讨饲粮磷水平对 7~21 日龄育雏鸽生产性能和乳鸽骨骼特性的影响。选用 192 对 40 周龄成年银王鸽作为试验动物。鸽子被随机分配到 4 个处理组之一，每个处理组有 8 个重复，每个重复有 6 对鸽子。饲粮处理包括基础饲粮（含 0.3%的磷）、基础饲粮添加 0.2%、0.4%或 0.8%无机磷和 1.40%的钙。试验饲粮作为玉米-豆粕全价颗粒料提供给亲鸽，乳鸽则采食亲鸽分泌的嗉囊乳。与对照组和 0.8%非植酸磷（NPP）组相比，0.4%NPP 组鸽子的产蛋间隔更短（P=0.045）。当饲粮添加 0.8%NPP 时，观察到平均蛋重最小（P=0.006）。与雄性亲鸽相比，繁殖母鸽血清中的钙、磷和碱性磷酸酶（ALP）水平显著更高（P<0.01）。7 日龄时，饲粮磷添加影响乳鸽胫骨骨灰分中磷和钙含量（P<0.05）。0.2%NPP 组的胫骨骨灰分钙含量最高（P=0.007）。21 日龄时，0.4%和 0.8%NPP 组的鸽子胫骨断裂强度（P<0.01）和胫骨骨灰分含量（P<0.001）均显著高于对照组。总之，亲鸽饲粮中的磷缺乏会导致乳鸽的骨骼矿化不良，尤其是骨断裂强度和骨灰分含量受损。虽然生产性能受到抑制，但饲粮中添加 0.8%NPP 对乳鸽的矿化有积极影响。在育雏早期，繁殖母鸽的磷和钙代谢比公鸽更为活跃。根据本试验的生产性能数据，育雏鸽饲粮中理想的 NPP 添加量为 0.4%。未来需要研究适合鸽子的钙磷比，这与肉鸡的最佳值不同。
