Near telomere-to-telomere assembly of the Tarim pigeon (Columba livia) genome.

Pigeons serve as important model animals and commercial poultry. The Tarim pigeon, as a breed of Columba livia, is a locally indigenous breed unique to China. While the genome of C. livia was published in 2013, its assembly was fragmented and incomplete. In this study, we generated a near telomere-to-telomere assembly of the pigeon genome using the sequencing platform of PacBio HiFi, Nanopore long reads and Hi-C. The assembled genome spans 1295.8 Mb, with a contig N50 size of 49 Mb and a scaffold N50 size of 85 Mb. Approximately 98.4% of the assembly is anchored onto 41 chromosomes, with a BUSCO assessment indicating a completeness of 97.2%. And telomeres were identified at both ends of the four chromosomes. A total of 21,450 genes were annotated. The genome assembly of C. livia lays the foundation for understanding their genetic composition and evolutionary history and contributes to the pigeon breeding industry. Additionally, it will provide a basis for further management and conservation of pigeon breed diversity.