Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Texas A&M University, United States.
Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Texas A&M University, United States.
Addict Behav. 2022 Jul;130:107287. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2022.107287. Epub 2022 Feb 18.
In three studies, we examined how attributing the criminal actions of a drug-addicted offender to their "true self" influences perceptions of their blameworthiness. Study 1 revealed that attributing a drug-addicted offender's crime (theft) to his true self positively predicted judgments of the offender's blameworthiness for the crime. Study 2 employed an experimental design and revealed that information connecting a crime (vs. not connecting) to an addicted offender's true self led to greater judgments of blame, whereas learning that the offender had (vs. did not have) a genetic predisposition to addiction mitigated blame. In Study 3, participants read a vignette about a drug-addicted thief whose addiction began with a doctor's prescription, a drug-addicted thief whose addiction began with recreational drug use, or a thief with no mention of addiction. Participants in the prescription condition, but not the recreational use condition, attributed theft to the offender's true self less and ascribed less blame for the crime, relative to the no addiction condition. Furthermore, participants attributed the addiction less to the offender's true self and assigned less blame to the offender for his addiction in the prescription (vs. recreation) condition. Overall, our studies suggest that lay intuitions about true selves robustly guide people's judgments about blame in the context of crimes involving drug-addicted offenders.
在三项研究中，我们考察了将吸毒罪犯的犯罪行为归因于他们的“真实自我”如何影响对他们应受谴责程度的看法。研究 1 表明，将吸毒罪犯的犯罪（盗窃）归因于他们的真实自我，会积极预测对罪犯犯罪行为的可谴责程度。研究 2 采用了实验设计，结果表明，将犯罪（与未犯罪相连接）与吸毒罪犯的真实自我相联系的信息会导致更大的谴责判断，而了解罪犯（与没有相连接）有（或没有）对成瘾的遗传倾向会减轻谴责。在研究 3 中，参与者阅读了一个关于吸毒小偷的案例，该小偷的吸毒成瘾始于医生的处方，一个吸毒成瘾始于娱乐性药物使用的小偷，或者一个没有提到吸毒的小偷。与没有成瘾的情况相比，处于处方条件下的参与者较少将盗窃归因于罪犯的真实自我，并且对犯罪的谴责程度也较低，而处于娱乐性使用条件下的参与者则没有这种情况。此外，与娱乐性使用条件相比，参与者将成瘾较少归因于罪犯的真实自我，并且对罪犯的成瘾行为的谴责程度也较低，而处于处方（而非娱乐性使用）条件下。总体而言，我们的研究表明，关于真实自我的常识直觉在涉及吸毒罪犯的犯罪背景下，对人们的谴责判断具有很强的指导作用。
