Shim S S, Leung G
Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1986 Jul(208):119-25.
The knee joint blood supply is derived from a rich anastomosis of the five major constant arteries, namely, the superior medial and lateral, the middle (posterior), and the inferior medial and lateral genicular arteries. Anastomosis also occurs with descending genicular arteries and the anterior tibial recurrent artery. These branches form anastomoses in and around the knee joint, while each major vessel was noted to provide the respective major blood supply to specific areas. The most obvious difference between vascularization of child and adult knees was the separation of vessels and relative avascularity of epiphyseal plate areas; such persisted until closure of the epiphyseal plate. The regions representing the seals of plate closure had less rich vascularization. A rich intraosseous blood supply was defined in the femoral and tibial condyles and the patella. Similarly, the adjacent and superficial soft tissues, including major ligaments and peripheral parts of the menisci, were richly vascularized. Areas of separated vascularization in children may have relevance to epiphyseal injury, growth deformity, Osgood-Schlatter disease, and hematogenous osteomyelitis. In adults, such information may be relevant to high tibial osteotomy, meniscus and cruciate ligament repair, and surgery utilizing the semitendinosus tendon, fascia lata, or patella tendon grafts.
膝关节的血液供应来自于五条主要恒定动脉的丰富吻合，即上内侧动脉、上外侧动脉、中（后）动脉、下内侧动脉和下外侧动脉。与膝降动脉和胫前返动脉也会形成吻合。这些分支在膝关节内及周围形成吻合，同时注意到每条主要血管为特定区域提供各自的主要血液供应。儿童和成人膝关节血管化最明显的差异在于血管的分离以及骨骺板区域相对无血管；这种情况一直持续到骨骺板闭合。代表板闭合部位的区域血管化程度较低。在股骨髁、胫骨髁和髌骨内定义了丰富的骨内血液供应。同样，相邻的浅表软组织，包括主要韧带和半月板的周边部分，血管化丰富。儿童血管分离区域可能与骨骺损伤、生长畸形、奥斯古德-施拉特病和血源性骨髓炎有关。在成人中，此类信息可能与高位胫骨截骨术、半月板和交叉韧带修复以及使用半腱肌肌腱、阔筋膜张肌或髌腱移植物的手术有关。
