Nitrite exposure may induce infertility in mice.

In the present study, we investigated the potential of nitrite exposure to induce infertility in mice. Adult female C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into control and nitrite exposure groups. Subsequently, the rate of mouse infertility was calculated, and pathological changes in ovarian tissues were examined using hematoxylin and eosin staining. In addition, TUNEL staining, immunofluorescent labeling, and western blotting were performed to assess cell apoptosis and oxidative stress response in ovarian tissues from various groups. We observed that nitrite exposure could induce infertility (p<0.05) in mice. High-dose nitrite exposure caused infertility in a time-dependent manner, and two-round exposure induced higher infertility than that one-round exposure (p<0.01). In addition, a higher number of atretic follicles were detected in the ovaries of nitrite-exposed groups than in the control group. Furthermore, TUNEL-positive cells were observed in granulosa cells of atretic follicles, and overexpression of caspase 8, c-Fos, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) was detected in ovaries after nitrite exposure (p<0.01), suggesting that cell apoptosis and oxidative stress response were induced following nitrite exposure. Collectively, these findings suggest that nitrite exposure can induce mouse infertility in a time-dependent manner. Oxidative stress response and cell apoptosis are involved in mediating nitrite-induced infertility.