Gupta Kiran, Srivastava Sudhakar, Saxena Gauri, Kumar Amit
Department of Botany, Lucknow University, Lucknow, 226007 India.
Plant Stress Biology Laboratory, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005 India.
Physiol Mol Biol Plants. 2022 Jan;28(1):91-106. doi: 10.1007/s12298-022-01124-4. Epub 2022 Jan 24.
The arsenic (As) contamination demands its remediation from the environment which is naturally possible by the application of L. However, biomonitoring of phytoremediation potential of at chromosomal and DNA level is still meager. The present study was designed to biomonitor the phytoremediation efficiency of through phytotoxic and cyto-genotoxic biomarkers assessment using L. (Fenugreek; Methi) as test system. Study revealed hyperaccumulation potential of which extracted arsenic in its tissues. Biomonitoring evaluation depicted that phytotoxic damage was reduced in exposed to remediated soil, which was revealed through reduced electrolyte leakage, hydrogen peroxide and MDA content. Moreover, cyto-genetic endpoints like mitotic depression (44.03%), relative abnormality rate (16.6%) and chromosomal abnormality frequency (1.06%) were also lesser in test plants grown in remediated soil compared to those grown in non-remediated soil. Along with this various chromosomal aberrations like stickiness, breaks, laggards, bridges, fragmentations and micronuclei were also augmented in test plants exposed to non-remediated arsenic enriched soil. It was evident that arsenic enriched soil caused toxicity to plants in dose-dependent manner that was assessable through the analysis of biochemical parameters and cyto-genetic biomarkers. The cyto-genetic biomarkers are very efficient, simple and non-expensive tools to biomonitor arsenic toxicity at chromosomal as well as DNA level to assess the remediation potential of in field conditions.
砷（As）污染需要对其进行环境修复，通过施用L，这在自然条件下是可行的。然而，在染色体和DNA水平上对植物修复潜力的生物监测仍然不足。本研究旨在通过使用L.（葫芦巴；胡芦巴）作为测试系统，通过植物毒性和细胞遗传毒性生物标志物评估来生物监测植物修复效率。研究表明L具有超积累潜力，其在组织中提取了砷。生物监测评估表明，暴露于修复土壤中的L植物毒性损伤有所降低，这通过降低的电解质渗漏、过氧化氢和丙二醛含量得以体现。此外，与生长在未修复土壤中的测试植物相比，生长在修复土壤中的测试植物的细胞遗传终点，如有丝分裂抑制（44.03%）、相对异常率（16.6%）和染色体异常频率（1.06%）也较低。与此同时，在暴露于未修复的富砷土壤中的测试植物中，各种染色体畸变，如粘连、断裂、落后、桥接、碎片化和微核也有所增加。很明显，富砷土壤以剂量依赖的方式对植物造成毒性，这可以通过生化参数和细胞遗传生物标志物的分析来评估。细胞遗传生物标志物是在染色体以及DNA水平上生物监测砷毒性以评估L在田间条件下修复潜力的非常有效、简单且成本低廉的工具。
