基于热量均衡的不同饮食模式对健康人群寿命影响的代谢组学研究。
Metabolomics Study of Isocaloric Different Dietary Patterns on the Life Span in Healthy Population.
机构信息
Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, People's Republic of China.
Center of Disease Control and Prevention of Xishan District, Wuxi, 214000, People's Republic of China.
出版信息
Clin Interv Aging. 2021 Dec 22;16:2111-2123. doi: 10.2147/CIA.S343057. eCollection 2021.
PURPOSE
How to prolong life by diet has been widely concerned. There are many reports about the effects of different dietary patterns on life span, but the results are not consistent. The main reason may be that total energy intake has not been considered. This study aims to explore the effects of isocaloric different dietary patterns on population life span.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
From the data of the follow-up population, eligible participators were divided into normal control (NC) group (28.31% fat, 12.37% protein, 62.30% carbohydrate), isocaloric high-fat (IHF) group (38.39% fat, 12.21% protein, 51.32% carbohydrate), isocaloric high-protein (IHP) group (33.41% fat, 17.10% protein, 52.67% carbohydrate) and isocaloric high-carbohydrate (IHC) group (22.23% fat, 10.52% protein, 70.13% carbohydrate) according to the dietary structure and the age stratification. Global serum metabolic profiling analysis by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS technology, fatty acid and amino acid profiles in serum were determined by GC-MS and UPLC-TQ-MS technology. One-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett post hoc test and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis were used to statistical analysis.
RESULTS
Non-targeted metabolomics was to identify 18 potential metabolites related to longevity. ROC curve analysis to identify biomarkers indicated that the areas under the ROC (AUC) of the 12 of 18 biomarkers are above 0.9. The 12 biomarkers were mainly enriched in three metabolic pathways: lipid metabolism, amino acid metabolism and tricarboxylic acid cycle. Compared to control, 11 and 10 of 12 biomarkers showed the same trend with aging in IHP and IHC groups, respectively. Conversely, no differences were observed between IHF group and NC group.
CONCLUSION
Without consideration of the nature of carbohydrates, fats and proteins, IHP and IHC diets might shorten life span by influencing amino acid metabolism, lipid metabolism and tricarboxylic acid cycle metabolism, while the isocaloric IHF diet has no effects on longevity.
目的
饮食如何延长寿命一直备受关注。有许多关于不同饮食模式对寿命影响的报道，但结果并不一致。主要原因可能是没有考虑总能量摄入。本研究旨在探讨等热量不同饮食模式对人群寿命的影响。
材料和方法
从随访人群数据中，将符合条件的参与者分为正常对照组（NC）（脂肪 28.31%，蛋白质 12.37%，碳水化合物 62.30%）、等热量高脂肪组（IHF）（脂肪 38.39%，蛋白质 12.21%，碳水化合物 51.32%）、等热量高蛋白组（IHP）（脂肪 33.41%，蛋白质 17.10%，碳水化合物 52.67%）和等热量高碳水化合物组（IHC）（脂肪 22.23%，蛋白质 10.52%，碳水化合物 70.13%），根据饮食结构和年龄分层。采用 UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS 技术进行全血清代谢物谱分析，采用 GC-MS 和 UPLC-TQ-MS 技术测定血清中脂肪酸和氨基酸谱。采用单因素方差分析（one-way ANOVA），然后进行 Dunnett 事后检验和接收者操作特征（ROC）曲线分析进行统计分析。
结果
非靶向代谢组学鉴定出 18 种与长寿相关的潜在代谢物。通过 ROC 曲线分析鉴定生物标志物表明，18 种生物标志物中有 12 种的 ROC 曲线下面积（AUC）均大于 0.9。这 12 种生物标志物主要富集在 3 种代谢途径：脂质代谢、氨基酸代谢和三羧酸循环。与对照组相比，IHP 和 IHC 组中 12 种生物标志物中有 11 种和 10 种与衰老的变化趋势相同。相反，IHF 组与 NC 组之间没有差异。
结论
不考虑碳水化合物、脂肪和蛋白质的性质，IHP 和 IHC 饮食可能通过影响氨基酸代谢、脂质代谢和三羧酸循环代谢而缩短寿命，而等热量 IHF 饮食对寿命没有影响。
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