Garshasbi Saba, Marjani Arezoo, Alipour Ali, Khanaliha Khadijeh, Esghaei Maryam, Fakhim Atousa, Bokharaei-Salim Farah
Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Iran J Microbiol. 2021 Dec;13(6):878-886. doi: 10.18502/ijm.v13i6.8094.
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has various transmission routes. Instant antiretroviral therapy (ART) is the recommended treatment for HIV infection. Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) significantly decreases the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and AIDS-related co-morbidities. Notwithstanding the suitability of HAART, the antiretrovirals (ARVs) have adverse effects and antiretroviral drug resistance mutations are reported among those who receive ARVs. In this survey, the abundance of HIV-1 infection in Iranians with high-risk behaviors, and detection of the surveillance drug-resistant mutations (SDRMs) were evaluated.
This cross-sectional study was conducted on 250 individuals with high-risk behaviors from September 2014 to February 2020. HIV-1 Ag/Ab in plasma samples was detected using enzyme immunoassay (EIA) kits. The conserved region of HIV-1 was detected in the plasma samples by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. Furthermore, in individuals with positive HIV-1 RNA, HIV-1 viral load testing was performed. After amplification and sequencing of the HIV-1 protease, reverse transcriptase, and integrase genes, surveillance drug resistance mutation (SDRM) and phylogenetic analysis were determined.
Out of the 250 participants with high-risk behaviors, six (2.4%) were infected with HIV-1. According to the phylogenetic analysis, the CRF35_AD (83.3% or 5/6) was the dominant subtype, followed by CRF01_AE (16.7% or 1/6). In this research, in none of the HIV-1 infected patients, SDRM for protease inhibitors (PIs), nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs), and integrase inhibitors (INs) were observed. Nevertheless, in one of the patients, V179L mutation was detected which is a rare non-polymorphic mutation and is listed as a rilpivirine (RPV) -associated resistance mutation.
The results of the current survey revealed that 2.4% of people with high-risk behaviors are infected with HIV and the level of drug resistance mutations (DRMs) in these people is very low.
人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）有多种传播途径。即刻抗逆转录病毒疗法（ART）是HIV感染的推荐治疗方法。高效抗逆转录病毒疗法（HAART）显著降低了获得性免疫缺陷综合征（AIDS）及与AIDS相关的合并症。尽管HAART具有适用性，但抗逆转录病毒药物（ARVs）有不良反应，且在接受ARVs治疗的患者中报告了抗逆转录病毒药物耐药性突变。在本次调查中，评估了有高危行为的伊朗人中HIV-1感染的流行情况以及监测耐药性突变（SDRMs）。
这项横断面研究于2014年9月至2020年2月对250名有高危行为的个体进行。使用酶免疫分析（EIA）试剂盒检测血浆样本中的HIV-1抗原/抗体。通过实时聚合酶链反应（PCR）检测血浆样本中HIV-1的保守区域。此外，对HIV-1 RNA呈阳性的个体进行HIV-1病毒载量检测。在对HIV-1蛋白酶、逆转录酶和整合酶基因进行扩增和测序后，确定监测耐药性突变（SDRM）并进行系统发育分析。
在250名有高危行为的参与者中，6人（2.4%）感染了HIV-1。根据系统发育分析，CRF35_AD（83.3%或5/6）是主要亚型，其次是CRF01_AE（16.7%或1/6）。在本研究中，在所有HIV-1感染患者中均未观察到针对蛋白酶抑制剂（PIs）、核苷类逆转录酶抑制剂（NRTIs）、非核苷类逆转录酶抑制剂（NNRTIs）和整合酶抑制剂（INs）的SDRM。然而，在一名患者中检测到V179L突变，这是一种罕见的非多态性突变，被列为与利匹韦林（RPV）相关的耐药性突变。
本次调查结果显示，2.4%有高危行为的人感染了HIV，这些人的耐药性突变（DRMs）水平非常低。
