The complete chloroplast genomes of three Hamamelidaceae species: Comparative and phylogenetic analyses.

Hamamelidaceae is an important group that represents the origin and early evolution of angiosperms. Its plants have many uses, such as timber, medical, spice, and ornamental uses. In this study, the complete chloroplast genomes of (R. Br.) Oliver, Hemsl., and Hand.-Mazz. were sequenced using the Illumina NovaSeq 6000 platform. The sizes of the three chloroplast genomes were 159,402 bp (. ), 159,414 bp (. ), and 159,444 bp (. ), respectively. These chloroplast genomes contained typical quadripartite structures with a pair of inverted repeat (IR) regions (26,283, 26,283, and 26,257 bp), a large single-copy (LSC) region (88,134, 88,146, and 88,160 bp), and a small single-copy (SSC) region (18,702, 18,702, and 18,770 bp). The chloroplast genomes encoded 132-133 genes, including 85-87 protein-coding genes, 37-38 tRNA genes, and 8 rRNA genes. The coding regions were composed of 26,797, 26,574, and 26,415 codons, respectively, most of which ended in A/U. A total of 37-43 long repeats and 175-178 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) were identified, and the SSRs contained a higher number of A + T than G + C bases. The genome comparison showed that the IR regions were more conserved than the LSC or SSC regions, while the noncoding regions contained higher variability than the gene coding regions. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that species in the same genus tended to cluster together. Hung T. Chang, Lecomte, and Maxim. may have diverged early and Siebold & Zucc. was closely related to R. Br. This study provides valuable information for further species identification, evolution, and phylogenetic studies of Hamamelidaceae plants.