School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia.
Analytical Biochemistry Research Centre, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia.
Isotopes Environ Health Stud. 2022 May;58(2):180-194. doi: 10.1080/10256016.2022.2041006. Epub 2022 Feb 28.
Some studies have found that the nutritional values of stingless bee honey (SBH) may be similar if not more than normal honey, prompting the Malaysian government to promote it as a superfood. However, SBH does not fulfil the Codex Standard for Honey (CODEX STAN 12-19811) in terms of moisture content and the lack of protein to be analysed with Internal Standard Carbon Isotope Ratio Analysis (ISCIRA). Hence, a lyophilization process was introduced prior to stable carbon isotope analysis of SBH to address both of these issues. It was found that once moisture content was decreased to a level below 20 % for 19 SBH samples, the percentage increment of protein extracted from the samples varied between 6 and 385 % relative to protein extracted from SBH before lyophilization with nine samples found to be adulterated. Caution is necessary when lyophilizing the SBH as significant isotope shifts were seen for SCIRA and ISCIRA values. Nevertheless, the carbon isotope shifts did not change the final outcome of the 'pass' or 'fail' of the adulteration result. Overall, the removal of water from SBH is required but caution is necessary as carbon isotope shifts were observed as SBHs underwent the lyophilization process.
一些研究发现，无刺蜂蜂蜜（SBH）的营养价值可能与普通蜂蜜相似，甚至更高，这促使马来西亚政府将其宣传为超级食品。然而，SBH 在水分含量和缺乏可通过内部标准碳同位素比分析（ISCIRA）进行分析的蛋白质方面不符合蜂蜜的食典标准（CODEX STAN 12-19811）。因此，在对 SBH 进行稳定碳同位素分析之前，引入了冻干工艺来解决这两个问题。结果发现，一旦将 19 个 SBH 样品的水分含量降低到 20%以下，与冻干前从 SBH 中提取的蛋白质相比，从样品中提取的蛋白质的百分比增量在 6%至 385%之间，其中有 9 个样品被发现掺假。在冻干 SBH 时需要小心，因为 SCIRA 和 ISCIRA 值会发生明显的同位素位移。然而，碳同位素位移并没有改变掺假结果的“通过”或“失败”的最终结果。总的来说，需要从 SBH 中去除水分，但需要谨慎，因为在 SBH 经历冻干过程时观察到了碳同位素位移。
