Kellis Eleftherios, Sahinis Chrysostomos
Laboratory of Neuromechanics, Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 62100 Serres, Greece.
J Funct Morphol Kinesiol. 2022 Jan 31;7(1):16. doi: 10.3390/jfmk7010016.
Hamstring strains are a frequent injury in sports and are characterized by a high recurrence rate. The aim of this review was to examine the muscle and tendon architecture in individuals with hamstring injury. A systematic literature search in four databases yielded eleven studies on architecture following injury. Differences in the fascicle length (FL), pennation angle (PA) and muscle size measures (volume, thickness and physiological cross-sectional area) at rest were not significantly different between the previously injured limb and the contralateral limb (p > 0.05). There was moderate evidence that biceps femoris long head (BFlh) FL shortening was greater during contraction in the injured compared to the contralateral limb. The BFlh FL was smaller in athletes with a previous injury compared to uninjured individuals (p = 0.0015) but no differences in the FL and PA of other muscles as well as in the aponeurosis/tendon size were observed (p > 0.05). An examination of the FL of both leg muscles in individuals with a previous hamstring strain may be necessary before and after return to sport. Exercises that promote fascicle lengthening of both injured and uninjured leg muscles may be beneficial for athletes who recover from a hamstring injury.
腘绳肌拉伤是运动中常见的损伤，其特点是复发率高。本综述的目的是研究腘绳肌损伤个体的肌肉和肌腱结构。在四个数据库中进行的系统文献检索产生了11项关于损伤后结构的研究。受伤肢体与对侧肢体在静息时的肌束长度（FL）、羽状角（PA）和肌肉大小测量值（体积、厚度和生理横截面积）差异无统计学意义（p>0.05）。有中等证据表明，与对侧肢体相比，受伤时股二头肌长头（BFlh）在收缩过程中的FL缩短更大。与未受伤个体相比，既往有损伤的运动员的BFlh FL较小（p = 0.0015），但未观察到其他肌肉的FL和PA以及腱膜/肌腱大小的差异（p>0.05）。对于既往有腘绳肌拉伤的个体，在恢复运动前后检查双侧腿部肌肉的FL可能是必要的。对于从腘绳肌损伤中恢复的运动员，促进受伤和未受伤腿部肌肉肌束延长的运动可能有益。
