Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal; Instituto Gulbenkian da Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal.
Centre for Inflammation Biology and Cancer Immunology & Centre for Rheumatic Diseases, Department of Inflammation Biology, King's College London, United Kingdom.
Immunol Lett. 2022 Apr;244:1-11. doi: 10.1016/j.imlet.2022.02.008. Epub 2022 Feb 25.
The formation of high-affinity antibodies that protect against infection requires the formation of germinal centres (GCs), where specialized T follicular helper cells (Tfh) provide help to B cells. Those T-B interactions are critical in supporting isotype switching and affinity maturation of B cells. However, GC responses need to be tightly regulated by specialized Foxp3-expressing T follicular regulatory cells (Tfr). It has been shown that the failure of Tfr cells to regulate GC responses can lead to antibody-mediated autoimmunity. Hence, the balance between protection against infection versus tolerance towards self requires an appropriate regulation of cellular and molecular events within secondary lymphoid tissue. Here, we review the development and biology of these T follicular cell subsets, with special emphasis on the metabolic regulation of Tfh cells, thus contributing to a greater understanding of GC responses.
高亲和力抗体的形成可预防感染，这需要生发中心（GC）的形成，其中专门的滤泡辅助性 T 细胞（Tfh）为 B 细胞提供帮助。这些 T-B 相互作用对于支持 B 细胞的同种型转换和亲和力成熟至关重要。然而，GC 反应需要由专门表达 Foxp3 的滤泡调节性 T 细胞（Tfr）进行严格调控。已经表明，Tfr 细胞不能调节 GC 反应可导致抗体介导的自身免疫。因此，防止感染和耐受自身之间的平衡需要适当调节次级淋巴组织中的细胞和分子事件。在这里，我们综述了这些滤泡 T 细胞亚群的发育和生物学特性，特别强调了 Tfh 细胞的代谢调节，从而更好地理解 GC 反应。
