HIV/AIDS and Infectious Diseases Research Group, Hospital Universitario La Paz Institute for Health Research-IdiPAZ, Paseo de la Castellana 261, Madrid 28046, Spain; CIBER of Infectious Diseases (CIBER-INFECT), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
HIV/AIDS and Infectious Diseases Research Group, Hospital Universitario La Paz Institute for Health Research-IdiPAZ, Paseo de la Castellana 261, Madrid 28046, Spain; Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Paseo de la Castellana 261, Madrid 28046, Spain; CIBER of Infectious Diseases (CIBER-INFECT), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
EBioMedicine. 2022 Mar;77:103896. doi: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.103896. Epub 2022 Feb 25.
The antiretroviral treatment (ART) developed to control HIV infection led to a revolution in the prognosis of people living with HIV (PLWH). PLWH underwent from suffering severe disease and often fatal complications at young ages to having a chronic condition and a life expectancy close to the general population. Nevertheless, chronic age-related diseases increase as PLWH age. The harmful effect of HIV infection on the individual's immune system adds to its deterioration during ageing, exacerbating comorbidities. In addition, PLWH are more exposed to risk factors affecting ageing, such as coinfections or harmful lifestyles. The ART initiation reverses the biological ageing process but only partially, and additionally can have some toxicities that influence ageing. Observational studies suggest premature ageing in PLWH. Therefore, there is considerable interest in the early prediction of unhealthy ageing through validated biomarkers, easy to implement in HIV-clinical settings. The most promising biomarkers are second-generation epigenetic clocks and integrative algorithms.
抗逆转录病毒治疗 (ART) 的发展控制了 HIV 感染，这使得 HIV 感染者 (PLWH) 的预后发生了革命性的变化。PLWH 从年轻时患有严重疾病和经常致命的并发症，转变为患有慢性疾病，预期寿命接近普通人群。然而，随着年龄的增长，慢性与年龄相关的疾病会增加。HIV 感染对个体免疫系统的有害影响会随着年龄的增长而恶化，从而加剧合并症。此外，PLWH 更容易接触到影响衰老的危险因素，如合并感染或有害的生活方式。ART 的启动可以逆转生物衰老过程，但只是部分逆转，并且还可能具有一些影响衰老的毒性。观察性研究表明，PLWH 存在过早衰老。因此，通过验证的生物标志物来早期预测不健康的衰老，这些标志物易于在 HIV 临床环境中实施，引起了相当大的兴趣。最有前途的生物标志物是第二代表观遗传钟和综合算法。
