Department of Mathematics, Air University, P.A.F Complex E-9, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan.
Department of Computer Science, Bahria University, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan.
Sci Rep. 2022 Feb 28;12(1):3342. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-07251-y.
The current communication is designed by keeping in the mind high heat transfer capabilities of nanoliquids with the dispersion of diversified-natured nanoparticles in poorly conducting base liquids. Here, an amalgamation of metallic (Cu) and hybridization of metallic and non-metallic oxide (Cu-TiO) nanoparticles to uplift thermophysical attributes of water is deliberated. The magnetically affected flow between rotating disks under the impact and permeability aspect is assumed. Empirical relations for effective dynamic viscosity, density, and heat capacitance to show mesmerizing features of obliged nanoparticles are also expressed. In addition, mathematical relations also depend on morphological factors like shape, size, and diameter of inducted nanoparticles. The mathematical formulation of the problem is conceded in the form of a system of ODEs after using similarity transformation on dimensional PDEs. Simulations of the complex coupled differential structure are solved by using a numerical approach by employing shooting and Runge-Kutta procedures jointly. The impact of flow concerning variables on associated distributions is revealed through tabular and graphical manner. Quantities of engineering interest associated with work like wall friction and thermal flux coefficients at walls of the disk are also calculated. It is deduced from an examination that the addition of metallic particles raises heat transfer more than non-metallic particles. A significant impression of magnetic field on shear stress is executed by hybrid nanoparticles along the surface of disks. In addition, elevation in Nusselt number and depreciation in skin friction coefficient is revealed against increasing magnitude of nanoparticle volume fraction. A positive trend in skin friction coefficient is manifested against the increasing magnitude of Reynold number. It is also observed that by increasing the size and shape of hybrid nanoparticles thermal conductivity and viscosity of the base fluid increases.
当前的通讯设计考虑了在不良导热基底液体中分散多种性质的纳米粒子的纳米液体具有高传热能力的因素。在这里，将金属（Cu）纳米粒子和金属与非金属氧化物（Cu-TiO）纳米粒子的杂交组合起来，以提高水的热物理性质。假设在渗透性方面受磁场影响的旋转盘之间的流动。还表达了用于显示强制纳米粒子迷人特性的有效动力粘度、密度和热电容的经验关系。此外，数学关系还取决于所诱导纳米粒子的形态因素，如形状、大小和直径。在对尺寸 PDE 进行相似性变换后，以 ODE 系统的形式承认问题的数学公式。通过联合使用拍摄和龙格-库塔程序，对复杂耦合微分结构的模拟进行数值求解。通过表格和图形方式揭示了流动变量对相关分布的影响。还计算了与工作相关的工程感兴趣的数量，例如壁面摩擦和磁盘壁面的热通量系数。从检查中可以得出结论，添加金属颗粒比添加非金属颗粒更能提高传热效率。混合纳米粒子沿磁盘表面对剪切应力产生了显著的磁场影响。此外，随着纳米颗粒体积分数的增加，努塞尔数增加，而表皮摩擦系数减小。随着雷诺数的增加，表皮摩擦系数呈正趋势。还观察到，随着混合纳米粒子的尺寸和形状的增加，基液的导热系数和粘度增加。
