Jan Saeed Ullah, Khan Umar, Islam Saeed, Ayaz Muhammad
Department of Mathematics, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan.
Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan.
Nanotechnology. 2023 Aug 29;34(46). doi: 10.1088/1361-6528/acedb4.
The present article describes the impact of variable thermal conductivity on the flow of ternary hybrid nanofluid with cylindrical shape nanoparticles over a stretching surface. Three nanoparticles combine in base fluid polymer. The assumption made will be used to model an equations. Modeled equations are in the form of a system of partial differential equations are difficult to solve can be converted to system of an ordinary differential equations, through resemblance substitutions, and will be solved numerically. Numerical scheme of Runge-Kutta order four is coupled with the shooting method to solve the resulting equations. The graphs in the study illustrate how physical quantities, such as magnetic field, injection/suction, nanoparticles volume fraction, and variable thermal conductivity, affected the velocity, skin friction, temperature, and local Nusselt number. The velocity profiles deflate as the volume fraction rises. While the temperature rises with an increase in the volume fraction of nanoparticles for both injection and suction, the velocity profiles also decline as the injection and suction parameter increases. Furthermore, as the magnetic field increases, the temperature profile rises while the velocity profile falls. The temperature curves increase as thermal conductivity increases. Finally, as the magnetic field is strengthened, the Nusselt number and skin friction decrease. The combination of mathematical modeling, numerical solution techniques, and the analysis of physical quantities contributes to the advancement of knowledge in this ternary hybrid nanofluid.
本文描述了可变热导率对具有圆柱形纳米颗粒的三元混合纳米流体在拉伸表面上流动的影响。三种纳米颗粒与基础流体聚合物混合。所做的假设将用于建立方程模型。建立的方程形式为偏微分方程组，难以求解，可通过相似变换转化为常微分方程组，并进行数值求解。采用四阶龙格 - 库塔数值格式结合打靶法求解所得方程。研究中的图表说明了诸如磁场、注入/抽吸、纳米颗粒体积分数和可变热导率等物理量如何影响速度、表面摩擦、温度和局部努塞尔数。随着体积分数的增加，速度分布减小。对于注入和抽吸情况而言，随着纳米颗粒体积分数的增加温度升高，同时随着注入和抽吸参数的增加速度分布也下降。此外，随着磁场增强，温度分布升高而速度分布下降。随着热导率增加，温度曲线上升。最后，随着磁场增强，努塞尔数和表面摩擦减小。数学建模、数值求解技术以及物理量分析的结合有助于推动这种三元混合纳米流体知识的进步。
