Laboratory for Integrative Neuroscience, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Department of Pharmacology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Nat Rev Neurosci. 2022 Apr;23(4):191-203. doi: 10.1038/s41583-022-00561-0. Epub 2022 Feb 28.
Central nervous system neurons communicate via fast synaptic transmission mediated by ligand-gated ion channel (LGIC) receptors and slower neuromodulation mediated by G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). These receptors influence many neuronal functions, including presynaptic neurotransmitter release. Presynaptic LGIC and GPCR activation by locally released neurotransmitters influences neuronal communication in ways that modify effects of somatic action potentials. Although much is known about presynaptic receptors and their mechanisms of action, less is known about when and where these receptor actions alter release, especially in vivo. This Review focuses on emerging evidence for important local presynaptic receptor actions and ideas for future studies in this area.
中枢神经系统神经元通过配体门控离子通道 (LGIC) 受体介导的快速突触传递和 G 蛋白偶联受体 (GPCR) 介导的较慢神经调制进行通讯。这些受体影响许多神经元功能，包括突触前神经递质释放。局部释放的神经递质对突触前 LGIC 和 GPCR 的激活影响神经元通讯，从而改变体动作电位的影响。尽管人们对突触前受体及其作用机制了解很多，但对于这些受体作用何时何地改变释放的了解较少，尤其是在体内。这篇综述重点介绍了关于局部突触前受体作用的新证据，并提出了该领域未来研究的思路。
