Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Nat Cancer. 2022 Feb;3(2):143-155. doi: 10.1038/s43018-022-00335-8. Epub 2022 Feb 28.
Cancer-specific T cells are required for effective anti-cancer immunity and have a central role in cancer immunotherapy. However, emerging evidence suggests that only a small fraction of tumor-infiltrating T cells are cancer specific, and T cells that recognize cancer-unrelated antigens (so-called 'bystanders') are abundant. Although the role of cancer-specific T cells in anti-cancer immunity has been well established, the implications of bystander T cells in tumors are only beginning to be understood. It is becoming increasingly clear that bystander T cells are not a homogeneous group of cells but, instead, they differ in their specificities, their activation states and effector functions. In this Perspective, we discuss recent studies of bystander T cells in tumors, including experimental and computational approaches that enable their identification and functional analysis and viewpoints on how these insights could be used to develop new therapeutic approaches for cancer immunotherapy.
肿瘤浸润 T 细胞是有效抗肿瘤免疫所必需的，在肿瘤免疫治疗中起着核心作用。然而，新出现的证据表明，只有一小部分肿瘤浸润 T 细胞是肿瘤特异性的，而识别与癌症无关抗原的 T 细胞（所谓的“旁观者”）则大量存在。尽管肿瘤特异性 T 细胞在抗肿瘤免疫中的作用已得到充分证实，但旁观者 T 细胞在肿瘤中的作用才刚刚开始被理解。越来越清楚的是，旁观者 T 细胞不是一组同质的细胞，而是在其特异性、激活状态和效应功能上存在差异。在本观点文章中，我们讨论了肿瘤中旁观者 T 细胞的最新研究，包括能够识别和分析其功能的实验和计算方法，以及如何利用这些见解为癌症免疫治疗开发新的治疗方法的观点。
