Fatani Bayan Zaid, Al-Yahyawi Huda, Raggam AbdulAziz, Al-Ahdal Mutaz, Alzyoud Sukaina, Hassan Ahmed N
Department of Psychiatry King AbdulAziz Medical City Jeddah Saudi Arabia.
Department of Medicine, Psychiatry Division King AbdulAziz University Jeddah Saudi Arabia.
Health Sci Rep. 2022 Feb 24;5(2):e503. doi: 10.1002/hsr2.503. eCollection 2022 Mar.
Little are known about nicotine dependence (ND), perceived stress, and willingness to quit smoking at different treatment stages in patient with affective disorders (AD). This study aimed to evaluate the association between ND and perceived stress among patients with AD presenting with psychiatric treatment at different clinical stages (first visit or follow-up), and in different nicotine type users (cigarette and waterpipe smokers). We also aimed to evaluate the willingness to quit smoking and its association with barriers to quitting.
This cross-sectional mixed-method study collected quantitative and qualitative data from patients (n = 57) presenting for treatment with AD and ND at different sites in Saudi Arabia. Quantitative validated scales were used to assess the 70 of depression symptoms, anxiety symptoms, perceived stress, and ND. Qualitative questions assessed barriers to quit smoking. We used a linear regression modeling to estimate the association between ND and perceived stress as well as to estimate the association between barrier to quit and willingness to quit.
ND had a statistically significant association with perceived stress (odds ratio [OR]: 2.09; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.20-3.63). Participants in the follow-up group had a higher ND score than those in the first-visit group. One of the most commonly reported barriers to quitting was using nicotine as a stress management (33.3%), which predicted positive willingness to quit (OR: 2.23; 95% CI: 1.48-3.37; < .01). Boredom was reported as a barrier in the waterpipe group more than cigarette group.
ND has a significant association with perceived stress regardless of treatment status in patients with AD, indicating the need to evaluate smoking cessation during the early stages of treatment for patients with AD and ND. It will be critical for clinicians to offer patients with AD alternative coping mechanisms to manage stress and boredom.
关于情感障碍（AD）患者在不同治疗阶段的尼古丁依赖（ND）、感知压力和戒烟意愿，目前所知甚少。本研究旨在评估处于不同临床阶段（初诊或随访）以及不同尼古丁类型使用者（香烟和水烟吸烟者）的AD患者中，ND与感知压力之间的关联。我们还旨在评估戒烟意愿及其与戒烟障碍的关联。
这项横断面混合方法研究从沙特阿拉伯不同地点接受AD和ND治疗的患者（n = 57）中收集了定量和定性数据。使用经过验证的定量量表评估抑郁症状、焦虑症状、感知压力和ND。定性问题评估了戒烟障碍。我们使用线性回归模型来估计ND与感知压力之间的关联，以及估计戒烟障碍与戒烟意愿之间的关联。
ND与感知压力具有统计学上的显著关联（优势比[OR]：2.09；95%置信区间[CI]：1.20 - 3.63）。随访组的参与者ND得分高于初诊组。最常报告的戒烟障碍之一是将尼古丁用作压力管理手段（33.3%），这预示着积极的戒烟意愿（OR：2.23；95% CI：1.48 - 3.37；P < 0.01）。水烟组比香烟组更多地将无聊报告为一种障碍。
无论AD患者的治疗状态如何，ND与感知压力都存在显著关联，这表明需要在AD和ND患者治疗的早期阶段评估戒烟情况。临床医生为AD患者提供替代应对机制以管理压力和无聊至关重要。
