CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, PRC, F-37380 Nouzilly, France; and LK Ernst Federal Science Centre for Animal Husbandry, Podolsk, Russia.
CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, PRC, F-37380 Nouzilly, France.
Reprod Fertil Dev. 2021 Dec;34(2):1-26. doi: 10.1071/RD21249.
Finely regulated fatty acid (FA) metabolism within ovarian follicles is crucial to follicular development and influences the quality of the enclosed oocyte, which relies on the surrounding intra-follicular environment for its growth and maturation. A growing number of studies have examined the association between the lipid composition of follicular compartments and oocyte quality. In this review, we focus on lipids, their possible exchanges between compartments within the ovarian follicle and their involvement in different pathways during oocyte final growth and maturation. Lipidomics provides a detailed snapshot of the global lipid profiles and identified lipids, clearly discriminating the cells or fluid from follicles at distinct physiological stages. Follicular fluid appears as a main mediator of lipid exchanges between follicular somatic cells and the oocyte, through vesicle-mediated and non-vesicular transport of esterified and free FA. A variety of expression data allowed the identification of common and cell-type-specific actors of lipid metabolism in theca cells, granulosa cells, cumulus cells and oocytes, including key regulators of FA uptake, FA transport, lipid transformation, lipoprotein synthesis and protein palmitoylation. They act in harmony to accompany follicular development, and maintain intra-follicular homeostasis to allow the oocyte to accumulate energy and membrane lipids for subsequent meiotic divisions and first embryo cleavages.
在卵巢卵泡中，脂肪酸（FA）代谢的精细调节对卵泡发育至关重要，并影响被包裹卵母细胞的质量，卵母细胞的生长和成熟依赖于周围的卵泡内环境。越来越多的研究探讨了卵泡腔室的脂质组成与卵母细胞质量之间的关联。在这篇综述中，我们重点关注脂质，它们在卵巢卵泡内不同腔室之间的可能交换及其在卵母细胞最终生长和成熟的不同途径中的参与。脂质组学提供了全局脂质图谱的详细快照，并鉴定了脂质，可清楚地区分处于不同生理阶段的卵泡中的细胞或液体。卵泡液似乎是卵泡体细胞与卵母细胞之间脂质交换的主要介质，通过囊泡介导和非囊泡转运酯化和游离 FA 来实现。各种表达数据鉴定了卵泡膜细胞、颗粒细胞、卵丘细胞和卵母细胞中脂质代谢的常见和细胞类型特异性因子，包括 FA 摄取、FA 转运、脂质转化、脂蛋白合成和蛋白质棕榈酰化的关键调节因子。它们协同作用，伴随卵泡发育，并维持卵泡内的稳态，以允许卵母细胞积累能量和膜脂质，为随后的减数分裂和第一次胚胎卵裂做准备。
