Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.
Department of Natural Products and Alternative Medicines, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
Pharm Biol. 2022 Dec;60(1):509-524. doi: 10.1080/13880209.2022.2039215.
Since the outbreak of SARS-CoV-2, researchers have been working on finding ways to prevent viral entry and pathogenesis. Drug development from naturally-sourced pharmacological constituents may be a fruitful approach to COVID-19 therapy.
Most of the published literature has focussed on medicinal plants, while less attention has been given to biodiverse sources such as animal, marine, and microbial products. This review focuses on highlighting natural products and their derivatives that have been evaluated for antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory properties.
We searched electronic databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct and Springer Link to gather raw data from publications up to March 2021, using terms such as 'natural products', marine, micro-organism, and animal, COVID-19. We extracted a number of documented clinical trials of products that were tested , and which paid specific attention to chemical profiles and mechanisms of action.
Various classes of flavonoids, 2 polyphenols, peptides and tannins were found, which exhibit inhibitory properties against viral and host proteins, including 3CLpro, PLpro, S, hACE2, and NF-κB, many of which are in different phases of clinical trials.
The synergistic effects of logical combinations with different mechanisms of action emphasizes their value in COVID19 management, such as iota carrageenan nasal spray, ermectin oral drops, omega-3 supplementation, and a quadruple treatment of zinc, quercetin, bromelain, and vitamin C. Though efficacy of these compounds has yet to be established, these bioproducts are potentially useful in counteracting the effects of SARS-CoV-2.
自 SARS-CoV-2 爆发以来，研究人员一直在寻找预防病毒进入和发病机制的方法。从天然来源的药理成分中开发药物可能是治疗 COVID-19 的一种富有成效的方法。
已发表的文献大多集中在药用植物上，而对动物、海洋和微生物产品等生物多样性来源的关注较少。本综述重点介绍了已评估具有抗病毒、抗炎和免疫调节特性的天然产物及其衍生物。
我们搜索了 PubMed、Scopus、Science Direct 和 Springer Link 等电子数据库，使用“天然产物”、“海洋”、“微生物”和“动物”、“COVID-19”等术语，从出版物中收集截至 2021 年 3 月的原始数据。我们提取了一些经过测试的产品的有记录的临床试验，并特别关注化学特征和作用机制。
发现了各种类别的类黄酮、2 种多酚、肽和单宁，它们对病毒和宿主蛋白表现出抑制特性，包括 3CLpro、PLpro、S、hACE2 和 NF-κB，其中许多都处于临床试验的不同阶段。
不同作用机制的逻辑组合的协同作用强调了它们在 COVID19 管理中的价值，例如iota 角叉菜胶鼻喷雾剂、ermectin 口服滴剂、omega-3 补充剂以及锌、槲皮素、菠萝蛋白酶和维生素 C 的四重治疗。虽然这些化合物的疗效尚未确定，但这些生物制品在对抗 SARS-CoV-2 的影响方面可能具有潜在的用途。
