Oghenetega Onome B, Okunlola Michael A, Ana Godson R E E, Morhason-Bello Oludare, Ojengbede Oladosu A
Reproductive Health Science, Pan African University, Institute of Life and Earth Sciences (Including Health and Agriculture), University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, University College Hospital, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
PLoS One. 2022 Mar 2;17(3):e0263495. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0263495. eCollection 2022.
Maternal exposure to oil pollution is an important public health concern. However, there is a dearth of literature on the effects of maternal exposure to oil pollution on maternal outcomes in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. This study was therefore designed to determine the effect of maternal exposure to oil pollution on maternal outcomes in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria.
Prospective cohort study design involving 1720 pregnant women followed from pregnancy to delivery was conducted. The participants were 18-45 years old at a gestational age of less than 17 weeks, who attended randomly selected health facilities in the areas with high exposure and low exposure to oil pollution in the Niger Delta, Nigeria. Data were collected using an interviewer-administered questionnaire and review of medical records from April 2018 to April 2019. Multivariate log-binomial model was used to examine the effect of maternal exposure to oil pollution on the risk of adverse maternal outcomes adjusting for sociodemographic, maternal and lifestyle characteristics.
A total of 1418 women completed the follow-up and were included in the analysis. Women in high exposure areas had a higher incidence of premature rupture of membrane (PROM), caesarean section (CS) and postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) compared to women in areas with low exposure to oil pollution. After adjusting for cofounders, women in high exposure areas also had a higher risk of PROM (ARR = 1.96; 95% CI: 1.24-3.10) and PPH (ARR = 2.12; 95% CI: 1.28-3.36) in Model I-III when compared to women in areas with low exposure to oil pollution. However, pregnancy-induced hypertension and CS had no association with maternal exposure area status to oil pollution.
Women in high exposure areas are at a higher risk of PROM and PPH. This calls for policies and intervention toward reducing maternal exposure to oil pollution in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria.
孕妇接触石油污染是一个重要的公共卫生问题。然而，关于尼日利亚尼日尔三角洲地区孕妇接触石油污染对孕产妇结局影响的文献匮乏。因此，本研究旨在确定尼日利亚尼日尔三角洲地区孕妇接触石油污染对孕产妇结局的影响。
采用前瞻性队列研究设计，对1720名孕妇从怀孕到分娩进行随访。参与者年龄在18 - 45岁之间，孕周小于17周，她们在尼日利亚尼日尔三角洲石油污染高暴露和低暴露地区随机选择的医疗机构就诊。2018年4月至2019年4月期间，通过访谈式问卷收集数据并查阅医疗记录。采用多变量对数二项模型，在调整社会人口学、孕产妇和生活方式特征后，研究孕妇接触石油污染对不良孕产妇结局风险的影响。
共有1418名妇女完成随访并纳入分析。与石油污染低暴露地区的妇女相比，高暴露地区的妇女胎膜早破（PROM）、剖宫产（CS）和产后出血（PPH）的发生率更高。在调整混杂因素后，与石油污染低暴露地区的妇女相比，高暴露地区的妇女在模型I - III中发生PROM（归因风险比[ARR]=1.96；95%置信区间[CI]：1.24 - 3.10）和PPH（ARR = 2.12；95% CI：1.28 - 3.36）的风险也更高。然而，妊娠期高血压和剖宫产与孕妇接触石油污染地区状况无关。
高暴露地区的妇女发生PROM和PPH的风险更高。这就需要制定政策并采取干预措施，以减少尼日利亚尼日尔三角洲地区孕妇接触石油污染的情况。
