Clinic for Small Mammals, Reptiles and Birds, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation.
Tierarztl Prax Ausg K Kleintiere Heimtiere. 2022 Mar;50(1):24-32. doi: 10.1055/a-1696-5321. Epub 2022 Mar 2.
Tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) is a new technique to measure the myocardial velocities of the avian heart. Using this technique, the present study investigated the influence of isoflurane anesthesia on the systolic and diastolic longitudinal myocardial velocities in racing pigeons.
Racing pigeons (n = 40) were anesthetized with isoflurane with a semi-open anesthesia system with an anesthetic mask and spontaneous breath. The echocardiographic examination was performed during the stage of surgical anesthesia with the failure of the toe pinch and wing twitch reflexes and with deep regular breaths. Echocardiographic measurements were taken in conscious and anesthetized pigeons in the right parasternal longitudinal horizontal heart view.
The results demonstrated a significant decrease in heart rate, systolic and diastolic A' wave myocardial velocities. The diastolic E' wave velocities were less influenced by anesthesia and significantly decreased only for some heart wall segments. The systolic myocardial velocities were significantly negatively correlated with the heart rate. Using the TDI curve, the isovolumic contraction (IVC) and relaxation time (IVR) and the time of atrioventricular delay during anesthesia could be determined. There is a significant increase in IVR and atrioventricular delay during anesthesia CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCEN: A higher heart rate in anesthesia should be interpreted as a compensation for reduced heart performance. The results of the present study indicate the necessity for establishing normal heart values in conscious and anesthetized pigeons.
组织多普勒成像（TDI）是一种测量禽类心脏心肌速度的新技术。本研究采用该技术，探讨异氟醚麻醉对赛鸽收缩期和舒张期纵向心肌速度的影响。
使用异氟醚对 40 只赛鸽进行麻醉，采用带麻醉面罩的半开放式麻醉系统和自主呼吸。在手术麻醉阶段，当出现脚趾捏合和翅膀抽搐反射消失且呼吸规律深沉时，进行超声心动图检查。在清醒和麻醉的鸽子的胸骨旁右纵横向心视图中进行超声心动图测量。
结果表明心率、收缩期和舒张期 A'波心肌速度显著降低。麻醉对舒张期 E'波速度的影响较小，仅在某些心壁节段显著降低。收缩期心肌速度与心率呈显著负相关。使用 TDI 曲线，可以确定等容收缩（IVC）和舒张时间（IVR）以及麻醉期间房室延迟时间。麻醉期间 IVR 和房室延迟时间显著增加。
麻醉时较高的心率应被解释为对心功能降低的代偿。本研究结果表明，有必要在清醒和麻醉的鸽子中建立正常的心脏值。
