Tin Derrick, Fares Saleh, Al Mulhim Mobarak, Ciottone Gregory R
Senior Fellow, BIDMC Disaster Medicine Fellowship, Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MassachusettsUSA.
Founder and President, Emirates Society of Emergency Medicine, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.
Prehosp Disaster Med. 2022 Mar 3:1-5. doi: 10.1017/S1049023X22000358.
The Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region has been, like many parts of the world, a hotbed for terrorist activities. Terrorist attacks can affect both demand for and provision of health care services and often places a unique burden on first responders, hospitals, and health systems. This study aims to provide an epidemiological description of all terrorism-related attacks in the Middle East sustained from 1970-2019.
Data collection was performed using a retrospective database search through the Global Terrorism Database (GTD). The GTD was searched using the internal database search functions for all events which occurred in Iraq, Yemen, Turkey, Egypt, Syria, West Bank and Gaza Strip, Israel, Lebanon, Iran, Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Jordan, Kuwait, United Arab Emirates, North Yemen, Qatar, and South Yemen from January 1, 1970 - December 31, 2019. Primary weapon type, primary target type, country where the incident occurred, and number of deaths and injuries were collated and the results analyzed.
A total of 41,837 attacks occurred in the Middle East from 1970-2019 accounting for 24.9% of all terrorist attacks around the world. A total of 100,446 deaths were recorded with 187,447 non-fatal injuries. Fifty-six percent of all attacks in the region occurred in Iraq (23,426), 9.4% in Yemen (3,929), and 8.2% in Turkey (3,428). "Private Citizens and Properties" were targeted in 37.6% (15,735) of attacks, 15.4% (6,423) targeted "Police," 9.6% targeted "Businesses" (4,012), and 9.6% targeted "Governments" (4,001). Explosives were used in 68.4% of attacks (28,607), followed by firearms in 20.4% of attacks (8,525).
Despite a decline in terrorist attacks from a peak in 2014, terrorist events remain an important cause of death and injuries around the world, particularly in the Middle East where 24.9% of historic attacks took place. While MENA countries are often clustered together by economic and academic organizations based on geographical, political, and cultural similarities, there are significant differences in terrorist events between countries within the region. This is likely a reflection of the complexities of the intricate interplay between politics, culture, security, and intelligence services unique to each country.
与世界许多地区一样，中东和北非（MENA）地区一直是恐怖主义活动的温床。恐怖袭击会影响医疗服务的需求和提供，并且常常给急救人员、医院及卫生系统带来独特的负担。本研究旨在对1970年至2019年中东地区发生的所有与恐怖主义相关的袭击进行流行病学描述。
通过对全球恐怖主义数据库（GTD）进行回顾性数据库搜索来收集数据。使用内部数据库搜索功能在GTD中搜索1970年1月1日至2019年12月31日期间在伊拉克、也门、土耳其、埃及、叙利亚、约旦河西岸和加沙地带、以色列、黎巴嫩、伊朗、沙特阿拉伯、巴林、约旦、科威特、阿拉伯联合酋长国、北也门、卡塔尔和南也门发生的所有事件。整理主要武器类型、主要目标类型、事件发生国家以及伤亡人数，并对结果进行分析。
1970年至2019年中东地区共发生41,837起袭击事件，占全球所有恐怖袭击事件的24.9%。共记录到100,446人死亡，187,447人非致命受伤。该地区56%的袭击事件发生在伊拉克（23,426起），9.4%发生在也门（3,929起），8.2%发生在土耳其（3,428起）。37.6%（15,735起）的袭击目标是“平民和财产”，15.4%（6,423起）的袭击目标是“警察”，9.6%的袭击目标是“企业”（4,012起），9.6%的袭击目标是“政府”（4,001起）。68.4%的袭击（28,607起）使用了爆炸物，其次是20.4%的袭击（8,525起）使用了枪支。
尽管自2014年达到峰值后恐怖袭击有所减少，但恐怖事件仍然是全球伤亡的一个重要原因，尤其是在中东地区，该地区发生了全球24.9%的历史袭击事件。虽然中东和北非国家常因地理、政治和文化上的相似性被经济和学术组织归为一类，但该地区各国之间的恐怖事件存在显著差异。这可能反映了每个国家政治、文化、安全和情报服务之间复杂相互作用的复杂性。
