Steffen R, Heusser R, DuPont H L
Rev Infect Dis. 1986 May-Jun;8 Suppl 2:S151-9. doi: 10.1093/clinids/8.supplement_2.s151.
Travelers have resorted to a variety of drugs for prevention of diarrhea. No beneficial prophylactic effect has been confirmed for halogenated hydroxyquinoline, lactobacilli, antimotility drugs, ethacridine, and various other agents. In contrast, bismuth subsalicylate (BSS) in liquid form reduced the incidence of diarrhea in students from the United States living in Mexico and in tablet form in volunteers challenged by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli. In tourists visiting various developing countries, a randomized, double-blind study was conducted in which 390 persons received a total of 2.1 or 1.05 g of BSS daily or placebo in tablet form in two doses. BSS reduced the incidence of diarrhea by 41% in the high-dose group and by 35% in the low-dose group without causing important adverse reactions.
旅行者们采用了各种各样的药物来预防腹泻。对于卤化羟基喹啉、乳酸菌、止泻药、依沙吖啶及其他各种药物，尚未证实其有有益的预防效果。相比之下，液状的碱式水杨酸铋（BSS）降低了居住在墨西哥的美国学生的腹泻发病率，而对于受到产肠毒素大肠杆菌攻击的志愿者，片剂形式的BSS也有同样效果。在前往各个发展中国家的游客中，开展了一项随机双盲研究，390人每日总共服用2.1克或1.05克的BSS片剂或安慰剂，分两次服用。高剂量组中，BSS使腹泻发病率降低了41%，低剂量组降低了35%，且未引起严重不良反应。
