Ericsson C D, DuPont H L, Johnson P C
Rev Infect Dis. 1986 May-Jun;8 Suppl 2:S202-6. doi: 10.1093/clinids/8.supplement_2.s202.
Several trials have shown that nonantibiotic drugs are efficacious in the treatment of travelers' diarrhea. When compared with placebo (P less than .025), bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol) taken orally at a dosage of as low as 30 ml every half hour for eight doses was shown to be effective in reducing the frequently of episodes of diarrhea. Preliminary results indicated that loperamide (two 2-mg capsules followed by one capsule after each loose bowel movement) was more effective (P less than .025) than bismuth subsalicylate in relieving diarrhea. Likewise, preliminary results showed that BW942c, an unlicensed endorphin-like pentapeptide, offered more relief of diarrhea in the first 12 hr of therapy than did trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (P = .02) or placebo (P = .0007). Use of a nonantibiotic drug for empiric treatment of travelers' diarrhea appears to be a reasonable approach, especially for patients with mild to moderate disease and with no evidence of high fever or dysentery.
多项试验表明，非抗生素药物对治疗旅行者腹泻有效。与安慰剂相比（P小于0.025），口服次水杨酸铋（必奇），每半小时服用低至30毫升，共八剂，已证明可有效减少腹泻发作频率。初步结果表明，洛哌丁胺（先服两粒2毫克胶囊，随后每次腹泻后服一粒胶囊）在缓解腹泻方面比次水杨酸铋更有效（P小于0.025）。同样，初步结果显示，BW942c（一种未经许可的类内啡肽五肽）在治疗的前12小时内比甲氧苄啶-磺胺甲恶唑（P = 0.02）或安慰剂（P = 0.0007）更能缓解腹泻。使用非抗生素药物经验性治疗旅行者腹泻似乎是一种合理的方法，尤其是对于轻度至中度疾病且无高热或痢疾迹象的患者。
